I. 單詞重現(xiàn)
1. 沙塵暴 n.) ______
2. 嚇人的可怕的 (adj.) ________使..害怕(v.)___________(感到)害怕的（adj.）_________
3. 內(nèi)陸的(adj.) __________
4.大量的的，規(guī)模的(adj.)_______
5. 戰(zhàn)役 活動 (n.) ____________
6. 沙丘(n.) ____________
7. 沙漠化(n.)__________________ 沙漠(n.) _________遺棄的（adj.）______________
8. 進程 過程(n.) ______________
9. 公民 市民(n.) _________________
10. 沙塵 灰塵(n.) _________
沾滿沙土的（adj）__________
11. 預報 預告(v. )____________
預報員(n.)________________
12. 力量 力氣 (n.) _______________
加強 增強（v）_________________
13. 騎自行車(v.) _________,
騎自行車者（n）. __________
14. 面罩(n.) __________
15. 大氣（層），氣氛(n.) _________
16. 碳 (n.) _____________
17. 化學藥品(n.) ，化學的（adj.）___________
化學（學科）（n.） ___________
18. 環(huán)境(n.) _________
周圍的，環(huán)境的（adj.）________________
19. 廢料，垃圾(n.)___________
20. 融化(vi.) ________
融化的，溶解的(adj.) _______
21. 污染（n.）________污染(v.) __________
22. 再循環(huán) (v.n.) ______________
23.沿海的（adj.）__________________
海岸線（n.）__________________
24.關(guān)心的，擔心的(adj.)_________________
25.證據(jù)，證明（n.）____________________
明白的 明顯的（adj.）___________________
26.主要的 多數(shù)的（adj.）_________________
多數(shù) 大半（n.）___________________________
27. 緊急的 (adj.)____________________
迫切地（adv.）___________________
28.污染（v.）____________________
污染（n.）____________________
29.抱怨（v.）__________________
抱怨（n.）____________________
30.簡單一句話（n.）___________________
31.恐怖的 嚇人的 （adj.）________________
恐嚇 驚嚇某人（v.）_____________________
32.絕對地 完全地（adv.）_________________
絕對的（adj.）_______________________
33.保護（n.）________________________
保護（v.）___________________________
II.短語集錦
1.砍到 __________________
2. 阻止…干… __________________
3. 保護…不受…的侵害 ______________
4. 只有做…. ___________________
5. 挖出______________
6. 放出 發(fā)出 _________________
7. 簡言之 ______________
8. 醒來后面對…清醒地意識到 ____________________
9. 遭遇到… _________________
10.吸收 欺騙 __________________
11. 對…有影響__________________
12. 帶走 拿走 ________________
13. 一個接一個地__________________
14. 允許某人做… ______________________
15.認真嚴肅地考慮…_________________
Ⅲ.單詞演練
1 Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right..
Forecast to treat something so that we can use it again
Cycle to change from solid to liquid, e.g. ice becomes water
Pollution a series of natural developments or events that produce gradual change
Melt to say what will probably happen
Recycle damage to the environment because of dirty things
Mass a person who lives in a particular town or country
Concerned the physical power and energy that makes someone strong
Major to ride a bicycle
Complain a large number of
Urgent important, great
Campaign say that one is dissatisfied, unhappy,…
citizen worried
process need immediate attention, action or decision …
strength military operations or particular or planned activities with a particular social, commercial or political aim
2 Fill in the blanks in each sentence according to the meaning. Change the form if necessary.
1.Sandstorms can be f__________ just a few hours before they arrive.
2.This box is too heavy and it’s too much for his s_________.
3.They discussed the problem in a friendly a___________.
4.As the development of science and technology, the world is face more and more serious environmental p_____________.
5.As children we should be much c__________ about our parents’ health.
6.Don’t always _________ (抱怨) your partners mistakes.
7.A ________(化學) change takes place in any substance when it burns.
8.As Chinese ________(公民), we should try our best to improve the environment.
9.Under the _________(保護) of the sun glasses, our eyes won’t hurt in the strong light of the sun.
10.His suggestions are _________ (完全地) reasonable.
3. Do all the activities about Vocabulary in the textbook, including the ones in the Workbook. For example: P31, Activity 1&2; P33,Activity 2&3; P35, Activity 1; P86 Activity 6,7 &8.
Grammar
I．Read the passage to complete the sentences
1. Scientists have tried many ways _____ ______ this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started ______ _______ solve.
The wind is sometimes strong enough______ _ _______ sand dunes.
3.______ ______ ______ ________ in a sandstorm was a terrible experience
4.There was nothing ____ ______ _______.
5.Sandstorms in China appear _____ ______ ______ in recent years as a result of desertification.
6traffic moves very slowly because the the thick dust makes it difficult______ ______．
7.Weather experts advise people ______ ______ ______ ______ ．
８.______ ______ ______in a sandstorm is frightening
9.It’s difficult ______ ______ .
10.So if you want ______ ______ ______, you’d better wear a mask.
11. ______ ______ it coming, the government is planting trees.
12.The government plans______ ______ planting for the next five years
總結(jié)：
II.Practice
1.To finish such an essay in one week ______ beyond his ability.(be)
要改變整個計劃對我們來說很困難:It’s difficult _____ us _____ change the whole plan.
同我吃晚飯你真是太好了;It’s kind ______ you _____ have dinner with me.
照顧老人是我們的職責：It’s our duty ______ take care of the old.
花了我三個小時才做完英語作業(yè)：
節(jié)約錢似乎是不可能的;It seemed impossible _______ save money.
2 My wish is ________________________________周游世界
What make me fail is __________________________忽略了事實：
3我們同意在此見面
我買不起車
We thought it better ______________________________早點出發(fā).
4Teach a man _______ and he’ll feed himself for a lifetime.(捕魚)
.The doctor made him _________ smoking(戒) I get him __________ again. 再試一次。
5.You can’t miss any chance______________________練習英語
He is always the first __________ and the last____________來/離開
There is no more time___________浪費.There is nothing _____________擔心。
他有兩封信要打：
6.為了在2008年辦成有史以來最愛好的奧運會________________________________________
_________________________________,the capital city, Beijing will make several big changes.
The girl raised her head _____________ everybody was looking at her.發(fā)現(xiàn)She was old _____ to take care of herself.
He was _____ a fool as to believe you=He was so _______ as to believe you=He was so foolish/such a fool _______ he believed you.
He was ______ young ______ understand this./I was ______ pleased _____ help you我非常樂意幫你。
He hurried to the station _________________that the bus had left.不料被告知
All of us were shocked ___________the sad news.聽到
III. Multiple choice
1. , you need to give all you have and try your best.
A Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner
2.With the world changing fast, we have something new ______ with all by ourselves every day.
A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing.
3.If there’s a lot of work ______ , I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing
4.All of them try to use the power of the workstation _______ information in a more effective way.
A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present
5.The children all turned ______ the famous actress as she entered the classroom
A .looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at
6.Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ______ reduce unemployment pressures.
A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped
7. ______ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day
A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete
8. ---Did the book give the information you needed?
---- Yes,.But ______ it, I had to read the entire book.
A. to welcome B welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
9.---Will you join us in the game ？
---- Thank you, _____.
A. but why not ? B. but I’d rather not C. and I won’t D. and I’ll join
10.He told us whether _____ a picnic was still under discussion.
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
11. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good______
A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed
12.The play ______ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced
13. We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be foundxkb1.com
14.I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed
15.David threatened ______ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported
BCADB CDCBA BCBBC
Period 2 Speaking（introduction,pronunciation,speaking1&2）
Step1 Talk about the following pictures in your own words. (Show them the pictures of sandstorms. )
For example:
S1: In the first picture I can see a man is riding a bike hard. The sky is yellow.
T: Can you see the buildings clearly?
S1: No, they are not clear.
T: Thank you, sit down please.
S2: In the second one I can find some buildings, but I cannot see them clearly. May be the city is in the sand or anything like that.
S3: In the third one I can see a very tall building only. There is much sand in the sky.
T: Very good. Thank you.
S4: In the next picture, I can see many people riding bikes wearing masks. The weather is very cold, because they wear gloves and more clothes.
T: How about the air? Is it clean?
S4: The air is not clean. There is something like sand in the air.
T: Quite right!
S5: In the fifth picture, there is a strong wind carrying sand. It looks like smoke.
S6: In the last one, there are some buildings covered with thick, yellow dust.
T: Excellent job! Thank you every much. Now, who can tell us why there is so much sand in the sky? The wind that carry sand are called…
S7: Sandstorm.
T: Very good. Yes, they are called sandstorm. If you want to know more about sandstorm, let’s come to Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia.
Step II Warming up
T: Open your books on page 31. Look at the picture in your books, what can you see in the picture?
S1: There is a strong wind carrying sand in the sky, and a car covered with sand running slowly.
T: Right. Now, complete the sentences using the correct form of words in the box. Three minutes.
Answers: sandstorm, lasts, frightening, blows, buried,
After 3 minutes, ask some students to share their answers.
T: From this short paragraph, we can see the sandstorm is frightening. Have you ever experienced the sandstorm? How does it be created? Before we discuss these questions, let’s look at some words on the screen.
Dig, earthquake, protect, sign, the Pacific Ocean
(show the words on the screen, and explain the meaning to the students. Divide the whole class into several groups to discuss questions in activity 2. Then call back the answers)
S1: Most of the sandstorms begin in desert areas. Because there are no trees and grasses in the desert areas. The wind is very strong.
S2: Climate changing can create deserts, but nowadays, the deserts are being enlarged because of humanity.
S3: Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
T: Why people cut down trees?
S3: They want to get wood or to plant crops.
S4: Few years ago, Japan was affected by the sandstorms coming from northwest China. And America is also affected by sandstorms. Some are caused by humanity; some are from Asia blown across the Pacific Ocean. Sandstorm has been a global issue.
T: Very good, thank you. Can we prevent it?
S5: Yes. At present, our China has carried out many plans to prevent sandstorm. For example, China has formed a professor committee to study how to prevent sandstorms. We have planted many trees every year. Cutting down the trees is unlawful. The degree of sandstorm is on decline. So we can prevent it. We believe ourselves.
T: Quite right. I believe too. Where does the sandstorm often happen?
S6: the inland region has more sandstorms than the one near the sea. Because the inland is drier than the one near the sea.
T: Can you give us the reason?
S6: Dry weather is one of the main reasons for sandstorms.
T: Quite right. You’ve done very well. From this activity, you’ve got much information on sandstorms. Sandstorm is very bad. It pollutes the air, affects our daily life. If you are in a sandstorm what should you do? Now work in pairs to discuss the questions in activity 3.
(5 minutes later, call back the answers)
S1: If I am in a sandstorm I will wear a mask to protect my mouth and throat, wear a pair of glasses to protect my eyes.
S2: Besides mask and glasses I will wear a hat. Because there is much sand in the air, it will make my hair dirty.
T: You are right. In a sandstorm, you should wear a mask and a hat, a pair of glasses is also necessary. Which one is more dangerous, earthquake and sandstorm?
S3: I think earthquake. Because in sandstorm we can stay at home to protect us, but in earthquake everywhere is dangerous.
T: I agree with you. Where in China do sandstorms usually happen? What is the first sign?
S4: In the west and northwest China.
S5: But it also happens in Beijing often.
S6: Before the sandstorm, there is usually a heavy wind and dry weather.
S7: The sky is yellow.
S8: One afternoon of last spring, when I was at school, the sky was yellow. There was much sand in the sky. The wind was very strong with some drops of rain. In fact, it was not rain. It was mud. At that time, I thought the earthquake was coming. It was very terrible.
T: It was really terrible. Thank you. Now I think all of you have known about something of sandstorm. The sandstorm is terrible and harmful. We should work hard to protect our environment.
Step III Pronunciation and Function on P36
Listen to the tape and ask students to underline the words stressed and conclude when and where the word will be stressed. Then ask students to practice activity 1&2. Listen again to check if the stress is right. Ask students to complete the sentences in Ex.3 using expressions from Ex.1&2.
Step IV Speaking1 &2 on P37
T: Suppose you are a citizen. There is a sandstorm in your city. A reporter wants to interview you about this sandstorm. Make a dialogue about your interview with your partner.
S1: Good afternoon sir, I am a reporter of local television station. May I ask you some questions about the sandstorm happened in the morning?
S2: Ok.
S1: When the sandstorm happened, what were you doing?
S2: I was cycling on the road.
S1: Before the sandstorm coming, did you know it was the sandstorm? Or were there some signs of the coming sandstorm?
S2: Yes. I learn some sandstorm signs from TV. So I tried hard to ride, but the wind was so strong.
S1: Can you tell me some signs of that sandstorm?
S2: First, the wind was becoming stronger and stronger, it looked like the rain was coming. I can hardly ride my bike. The dust on the ground was whirled into the sky. And the sky was turned into yellow. The dust became more and more. I can hardly open my eyes. I knew it would be a sandstorm.
S1: It was terrible. Can you give us some ideas to prevent the sandstorm?
S2: From television, we can see most of the sandstorms are caused by human. Instead of cutting down trees and digging grass we should plant more trees and grasses.
S1: I agree with you. I think after this sandstorm most of people will be waken. Thank you.
T: Well done. Thank you. Now we have known most of the sandstorms have been caused by the destroyed environment. Are there any other things that are bad for the environment?
Ss: Yes. For example, coal.
T: In what way?
Ss: It gets off lots of smoke and pollutes the air.
T: You’re right.
Ss: Plastic. In our daily life, people use many plastic bags and throw them around. When there is wind, the plastic bags thrown will fly everywhere.
Ss: In canteen many students use plastic bags to hold their meal and throw them away then. I think we should not use them first and set a modal.
Ss: Like refrigerator, more and more cars have come into families. They give out much chemical smoke, especially in cities. It is bad for our health.
Ss: Cutting more trees will not only cause sandstorms but also enlarge the sand area.
T: Well done, boys and girls. Since we have known so many things are bad for the environment, what should we do to protect our environment?
Ss: We should plant more trees to fresh our air.
Ss: We should throw the rubbish into the dustbin and not throw them anywhere.
Ss: I think the most important thing we should do is to organize an organization to make people around us know the importance to protect the environment.
T: Ok, what you talk about is very helpful. Please prepare it after class if you want. If you need help, please let me know. This class we have learnt something about sandstorms, and have discussed things that pollute the environment. Since the pollution is so serious, we should try our best to protect our environment. Now what you should do after class is to turn your idea into practice.
Period 3 Intensive Reading(reading and vocabulary)
Step 1 Pre-reading
T: Now I will give you five minutes and read the whole passage quickly, find the answers to the questions on the top of this page.
1. There is a terrible sandstorm.
2. She wears a mask, scarf, and heavy clothes. Because there is a strong sandstorm.
3. Traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
4. The expert advises people not to go out.
After 5 minutes, check the answers.
T: Now, who’d like to talk about the first question? Volunteer!
S1: I’d like to try. From picture I know that a sandstorm happens. It is frightening.
T: Quite right. Next question? Who want to have a try?
S2: There is a woman pulling a bike in a frightening sandstorm. The cyclist wears a mask and a pair of gloves. She wears a hat.
T: Thank you, very well. How about next question?
S3: The traffic will be very slow, because in the sandstorm there is much sand in the sky. The driver cannot see thing clearly.
T: Quite right. The last one, who got the answer?
S4: I think the experts advise people to stay at home and not go out. While going out, you should wear a mask.
T: Thank you. Sit down please. Now, after we’ve learnt this text, we will know how to protect ourselves, if there is a sandstorm in our city. Of course, we do not hope it happens in our city.
Step2 Reading
T: Turn your books on page 33. Look at the activity 2 & 3, read the text quickly again and complete these two activities. Three minutes.
★Skimming:
Cycle (v), expert, process, citizen, dust, survive, forecast, situation b, b, a, a
After 3 minutes, ask some students to check the answers. Show the answers on the screen.
ask students to read it silently
★Intensive Reading
T: Read the whole passage very carefully and complete Ex.4&5 on page 33. While reading underline phrases and sentences that you think are important. Read it silently and try to get the general idea of this passage. 10 minutes.
1.The winds in a sandstorm can sometimes be strong enough to move sand dunes.
2.When Ren Jianbo was living in Inner Mongolia he experienced a terrible sandstorm in desert.
3.Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”.
4.Cutting down trees and digging up grass can cause the climate changes and make the land become desert.
5.Traffic moved very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
6.The government is planting trees to the west of Beijing to prevent the desert coming near.
(After 10 minutes ask some students to check the answers and show the answers on the screen.)
1. forecasted 2. frightening 3. survived 4. dust 5. process 6. citizens
(After students to give possible answers, then show them on the screen)
1.Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.
2.You just had to hope you’d survive.
3.Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”.
4.This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
5.When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out.
6.To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.
7.Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.
(After having finished the exercises, show the important sentences on the screen. Ask the students to pay more attention to them.)
Step 3 Complete the summary of the text:
(1st paragraph)
Sandstorms have been a major_______ for many Asia countries _____ centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to ____ this problem and in China, a ______ campaign has been started to help solve it.
Suggested answers:
Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asia countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.
(2nd paragraph)
The wind in the sandstorm is often strong enough to move _________. Ren Jianbo, from _____________ described a terrible sandstorm he ___________ when he was a child. “ to have been ______ in a sandstorm is a ____________. There was nothing ________. It was the most _________ and the most dangerous ________ I have been in. You just had to hope you’d _______.
Suggested answers
The wind in the sandstorm is often strong enough to move sand dunes. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced when he was a child. “ to have been caught in a sandstorm is a terrible experience. There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I have been in. You just had to hope you’d survive.
(3rd & 4th paragraphs)
Sandstorms begin in______ area. Sandstorms in China ______ to have been increased in recent years as a result of “______________”. This is a ________ that happens because people _________ trees and ________ grass. Sandstorms sometimes _______ Beijing. _______ wake up to an orange sky and ______ strong winds that ______ the city in a thick, brown-yellow _____. The sandstorms sometimes __________ all the day and traffic ______ very slowly.
Suggested answers:
Sandstorms begin in desert area. Sandstorms in China appear to have been increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”. This is a process that happens because people cut down trees and dig up grass. Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The sandstorms sometimes continue all the day and traffic moves very slowly.
(The last two paragraphs)
The Chinese Central Weather Station can______ a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing. When the sandstorm arrives in the city, weather _______ advise people not to ________. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “to be ______ in a sandstorm is _________. It’s difficult to _______ in the strong wind and _____ makes me _____. So if you want to go out, you’d better wear a ______.
The desert is only 250 kilometers away to the west of Beijing. To ________ it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.
Suggested answers:
The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing. When the sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “to be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. It’s difficult to breathe in the strong wind and dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you’d better wear a mask.
The desert is only 250 kilometers away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.
(As to this part, listen to whole passage first, and then listen again paragraph by paragraph. After listening to a paragraph, ask students to look the screen and fill the blanks with their books closed.
Step 4 Language points in the text
T: Now let’s deal with some language points.
◆You just had to hope you’d survive.
Survive vi. continue to live or exist ~ (from sth), ~ ( on sth),
E.g. many strange customs have survived from earlier time.
I can’t survived on 30 a week.
Vt. Continue to live or exist in spite of nearly being killed or destroyed
~ an earthquake, ~ shipwreck
survivor n. person who survived
◆as a result of “ desertification”.
…. 由于沙漠化的結(jié)果
desert + ify “-fy / -ify” 后綴 變?yōu)関erb. desertify → desertification
◆……… because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
Cut sth down (cause sth to fall down by cutting it at base)
~ a tree, 砍倒一棵樹，~ trousers, 改短褲子，~ one’s expenses, 減少開支
dig sth up ①break up(soil,etc) by digging， ②remove sth from the ground by digging
Dig up the land for a new garden. 為建一座花園而墾地。
We dig up the tree by his roots.我們將樹連根拔起。
◆…… weather experts advise people not to go out.
advise sb. (not) to do sth. give advice to sb; recommend
Period 5 Listening (Listening and vocabulary; Everyday English) Listening and Vocabulary (Page35)
1 Deal with vocabulary first to make preparations for listening. Then the Ss will hear a speech about environmental problems made by an expert. Then solve all the questions in this part.
2 Then turn to Page38.Let’s listen to the tape for the last time and deal with Everyday English.
3 At last present the tapescript.
4 If time permits, deal with Listening and speaking (Wb P88)
Period 6 Extensive Reading(Cultural Corner)
Read the passage on P39 and answer the questions.
1. How do countries in Europe try to improve the environment?
2. When did the “Green” movement begin?
3. What does the “Green” movement try to do?
Ask students talk about the following two questions:
a. Are there organizations in China whose aim is to protect the environment?
b. What do you know about the organizations?
If students don’t know any, present them some materials.
Here are some supplementary reading materials on the paper.
China Adopts Environment-Friendly Way to Dispose Rubbish
China is adopting an environment-friendly way of rubbish disposal by building its largest rubbish-burning fueled power plant in Shanghai, according to Friday's Chinadaily.
The plant to be built in Shanghai's Pudong New District is designed to have the capacity to generate 100,000 megawatts of electricity annually by means of thermal energy generated through burning 365,000 tons of rubbish, the paper said.
The project, expected to be completed in October 2001, will cost 670 million yuan (80.7 million U.S. dollars), including a low-interest loan of 30.17 million offered by the French government.
The majority of the loan will be used to buy some key technology and equipment from France for the new power plant, an official surnamed Tao who is responsible for the construction of the plant and the installation of the equipment was quoted as saying.
The plant will keep a close eye on the discharge of waste gas and smoke and fume emissions in accordance with the emission standards set by the European Union, said the official, adding that the new plant will become a pilot project for neighboring areas of Shanghai and other big cities in terms of rubbish disposal.
Shanghai now yields more than 10,000 tons of household waste every day, of which about 80 percent is buried after a fermenting procedure to decrease harmful elements.
China's First Home-Made Rubbish Power Plant Operational
China's first power plant using homemade equipment for generating electricity with rubbish was put into operation recently in east China's Zhejiang Province.
Costing a total investment of 90 million yuan (US$10.84 million), this non-government-run plant is able to handle 320 tons of rubbish per day and generate 25 million KWH of electricity per year.
Smoke and gas discharged after treatment, tested by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has measured up to the environmental standard set by the country.
The Non-government Environmental Protection Movement in China
ON Environment Day (June 5) of 1993, a group of Chinese intellectuals sat in the ruins of a pagoda in the suburbs of Beijing, and discussed the current lamentable state of China's environment, and what common citizens could do to salvage and protect it. A year later, the Friends of Nature, the first non-government environmental protection organization in China, was founded. The organization, with its slogan "protecting and being friendly to nature," indicates the common recognition among Chinese people of the need for environmental awareness.
In the years that followed, Chinese non-government environmental protection organizations mushroomed. The most influential ones include the Friends of Nature, the Green Earth Volunteers, the Global Village of Beijing (GVB), and Senol. Members of these organizations look squarely at environment pollution and bravely admit the fact that the progress of industrialization generates negative effects. While struggling to find their own ways of dealing with this huge problem, they also hope to learn from the experience of developed countries in environmental protection.
In 2000, the Sophie Award and the Magsaysay Award, both world-renowned prizes for environmental protection, were given respectively to two Chinese -- Liao Xiaoyi and Liang Congjie. Both are leaders of Chinese non-government environmental protection organizations. This event greatly encouraged those pushing forward the undertakings of Chinese environmental protection.
Advocating Green Life
Members of non-government environmental protection organizations are mostly intellectuals, sensitive to the needs of the environment, with a strong sense of social responsibility. They may not be environmental protection professionals, but compensate for this in their enthusiasm and commitment to this undertaking.
The Friends of Nature is the most influential organization of its kind in China. Its main areas of concern are: the protection of world-level rare animals -- such as the Yunnan Golden Monkey and its habitat, and preventing its potential extinction from commercial logging in the forest it inhabits; the protection of the Tibetan antelope, and eliciting help worldwide to stop the killing of this endangered animal; protesting against the destructive felling of natural forests; and openly criticizing the industrial pollution that is spreading all over the China.
The Green Lecture is a form of education on environmental protection initiated by the Friends of Nature. Pan Wenshi and Lu Zhi, both experts on pandas, Dr. Jane Goodall, an English expert on chimpanzees, and Chagba Doje, protector of the Tibetan antelope, have all given lectures, relating moving personal experiences about human beings and nature.
The Friends of Nature has its own special coach, decorated with the image of a Tibetan antelope. Members of the organization simply call it the "antelope vehicle." At present, the Friends of Nature is cooperating with S.O.F., a German environmental protection organization, on a program named the "Antelope Vehicle Project." On this mobile propaganda coach, children can play games or watch videos about environmental protection. With the support of Project Hope, the "antelope vehicle" also goes to schools in remote villages. Since formally starting on May 31, 2000, the program has initiated activities in numerous schools in Beijing, Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and Shanxi Province, and received a warm reception.
The main activity of the Green Earth Volunteers, commonly known as the Green Earth, is planting trees in deserts and on barren mountain slopes. The foot of the Badaling Great Wall in Beijing, the Enbeige Desert in Inner Mongolia, and the Hukou Waterfall area in Shanxi Province, all bear the traces of volunteers' footprints, among whom the youngest is only three years old.
Bird watching is another activity initiated by the Green Earth, as a means of understanding the relationships between humankind and nature. Professor Zhao Xinru of the Biology Department of Beijing Normal University has, since 1997, at the invitation of the bird watching group, given lectures and instruction to the group on birds and bird identification. After a period of study, group members can now distinguish almost 100 species of birds, including the whooper swan, the lapwing, and the heron. They have also twice participated in the Hong Kong International Bird Watching Contest and achieved impressive results. According to Wang Yongchen, founder of the Green Earth and journalist at the Central People's Broadcasting Station, the organization is currently engaged in the work of bird identification, with the aim of helping volunteers to gain a deeper understanding of birds and the relationships between birds and human beings. Through her knowledge obtained from bird watching, Zhong Jia, a volunteer with the Green Earth, has found that excessive land reclamation has caused the bird habitat in Beidaihe to shrink dramatically, hence the steady dwindling of their number. Zhong Jia made an appeal based on her findings to the relevant department, to protect this world-famous bird watching site. Her action concurs exactly with the Green Earth's guideline, i.e. providing a scientific basis for the department concerned to stipulate policies on managing bird resources and their habitat. In 2000, the Green Earth participated in work at the Beidaihe bird identification station, thus becoming the first bird identification group mainly made up of volunteers.
Unlike other environmental protection organizations, the Global Village of Beijing (GVB) is particularly concerned with human beings and their community, rather than certain species of animals, plants or water resources. GVB mainly engages in publicizing the 5R (Reduce, Reevaluate, Reuse, Recycle, and Rescue) green life style. Liao Xiaoyi, founder of the GVB, says that their main thrust is to help people make the decision voluntarily to choose a nature-friendly way of life, exercise their rights, and stand by their obligation to protect the environment. Since the day the GVB was founded, Liao and her colleagues have made investigations into garbage sorting in different communities, and helped neighborhood committees in Beijing's Xicheng District to establish pilot garbage sorting stations. The GVB has also cooperated with the environmental protection department to establish China's first pilot green community in the Jiangongnanli Community of Beijing's Xuanwu District. Liao Xiaoyi's dream is to make green communities into the most beautiful landscape in China in the 21st century.
More and more students are joining this drive to protect our environment. Environmental protection organizations made up of student volunteers play a vital role in arousing public environment awareness and social responsibility. Senol is the most influential school environmental protection group in Beijing. It was founded in 1994 by two students from the Beijing Forestry University.
Senol participated in the campaign to protect the Yunnan golden monkey, and in the investigation and exploration of the Beima Snow Mountain in western China. When a pair of wild geese laid eggs on a mid-lake island in Purple Bamboo Park in Beijing, members of Senol pitched tents there, guarding the birds in shifts for a month, in order to prevent the eggs being taken away by visitors, and to ensure that the goslings hatched safely. Many people were moved by their efforts, and began to reevaluate the role of human beings within nature.
Many individuals have attracted public attention in their dedication to environmental protection. In 1989, Yang Xin, a photographer on the Yangtze River rafting expedition, began recording changes in the biological environment on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. He later initiated a campaign to protect the river with the slogan, "protect the source of the Yangtze River and care for nature." This activity aroused the concern of people from all walks of life. A Green World Tour, written by Tang Xiyang, a distinguished environmentalist writer, is regarded as the encyclopedia of China's nature conservation, and a masterpiece on environmental protection education.
There are several programs on environmental education on Chinese TV, such as, "Stories of the Earth," "Environmental Protection Hour," and, "Animal World." There are also publications, including papers and magazines, advocating environmental protection.
Green Bridge
On the afternoon of January 12, 2001, the local residents and the municipal department concerned at the Chunshuyuan subdistrict office of Beijing's Xuanwu District held a hearing on garbage sorting. A Mr. An explained how he sorted his garbage, separating items made of tin, plastic, and paper, at home. He also openly criticized the shortcomings of government work on environmental protection, and made constructive suggestions. Many residents spoke up at the hearing, demonstrating how environmental awareness has taken root in people's consciousness.
In November 2000, the municipal government of Beijing adopted Green Earth's suggestion to carry out garbage sorting throughout the city, and received a positive response from the public. Liao Xiaoyi, initiator of the hearing mentioned above, believes that meetings such as this are the best channels of communication between the government and the common people. They indicate that green communities may fulfill their functions of monitoring law enforcement, and providing suggestions for the government's policy making.
"Non-government environmental protection organizations are bridges between the government and the masses. They developed rapidly during the 1990s in China, and play a vital role in mobilizing citizens to participate in environmental protection undertakings," says Qu Geping, chairman of the Environment and Resources Protection Committee of the National People's Congress, who started work on environmental protection as early as the 1970s, and who has won many awards from the United Nations.
Liang Congjie compares the government to a housewife in a big family. He says, "If only the mother of the family does the cleaning, while other family members thoughtlessly mess up her good work, then no matter how conscientious she is, it is impossible for her to keep a clean house. And a housewife also needs supervision and criticism."
5R & 5 Circles
Today, the Olympic Games are not simply a sports contest, but an event closely related to such factors as culture and the environment. The Chinese, who are actively bidding to host the 2008 Olympic Games, are well aware of this. In October 2000, the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Bidding Committee, the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau, and more than 20 Beijing-based non-government environmental protection organizations jointly signed the Action Plan for the Green Olympics.
The Global Village of Beijing introduced the 5R & 5 Circles concept. According to the GVB, the spirit of 5R should be transposed to the Olympic Games. Five Circles refers to the Olympic Games flag. Liao Xiaoyi believes that Beijing's Olympic Bid is a good opportunity for China to disseminate the 5R life style -- a way of life that the GVB has proposed from the very start.
To support the Green Olympics movement, the GVB has conducted a series of activities under the slogan "Green Olympics and Green Life." They sponsored special lectures on environmental protection at Universities, publicizing the relationship between environmental protection and Beijing's Olympic Bid, and discussing eastern culture and the essence of the Olympic Games. The GVB also mobilized college students in Beijing to publicize garbage sorting, the utilization of recycled paper, and the banning of disposable fast-food containers. Members of the GVB are steadfastly practicing what they preach, side by side with the students they recruited.
A Long Way to Go
Almost all non-government environmental protection organizations face the problem of funding. In China particularly, a suitable economic environment for non-government environmental protection organizations is yet to be created. Liao Xaoyi says, "At present, the shortcomings within our system of taxation constitute the biggest barrier in the development of non-government environmental protection organizations. The government gives no tax benefits to enterprises that make donations to such organizations."
The green bridge path does not always run smooth. The Friends of Nature once appealed for no further expansion of the Capital Iron and Steel Company in the downtown area, but received no response on this issue.
As fast as Chinese non-government environmental protection organizations may develop, they are still far short of China's need. Compared with their foreign counterparts in regard to educating the masses, supervising the implementation of environment-related laws and regulations, and pushing forward the policy-making of the government, Chinese non-government environmental protection organizations still have a long way to go.
This is current situation regarding China's environmental protection. On the one hand, some people already acknowledge how crucial environmental protection is, and understand that it requires a fundamental change in life style. On the other, many people are indifferent to ongoing environmental damage. It is obvious that environmental protection will remain an up hill task for the Chinese in the 21st century - one that endorses the imperative need for the existence of such organizations.
Period 7 Writing (Writing and Task，Page38)
The purpose of this writing is for students to describe one environmental problem and say what we should do about it. It’s a good opportunity for a discussion about the problems and the solutions. After the discussion, they can write down the problems and the way to solve them.
Step 1 Lead in
T: Last class we have read some materials about environmental protection. Do you know some major environmental problems?
S1: air pollution, petrol pollution, waste water and noise pollution.
T: OK. There are many types of pollution. But choose a major one around you and find out the solution to solve it. Now discuss the problem in pairs and write down in a few sentences.
T: Have you finished it? I’ll ask some of you to read your short passage.
S1: One major environmental problem is indoor air pollution. There are many sources of indoor air pollution. Tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from building materials, paints, furniture, etc. cause pollution inside buildings. Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. So we shouldn’t stay in the room for a long time. We need to go outdoors to breathe fresh air and do some exercises.
S2: One major environmental problem is black carbon pollution.. Black carbon pollution is the release of tiny particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Now it constitutes a serious and widespread problem, not only to human health, but also to the entire global environment. We must find a new and less-polluted energy to replace coal.
T: Excellent! Now turn to Page40.
Step 2 Task
The purpose of this writing task is for the students to design a poster that encourages people to look after the environment.
T: Read through the passages that we have read in this module and find out seven things you can do in your everyday life for environmental protection.
T: Have you found them?
S1: We should put waste paper in a special bag in order to recycle it.
S2: We should try to avoid using plastic bags.
S3: We will put our leftover food into a special can.
S4: I won’t step on the grass any more.
S5: I won’t catch the bird.
S6: I will persuade people who smoke not to smoke.
S7: I will join an organization that protects the environment.
T: Now prepare a large piece of paper. Think of a heading for your poster.
(The teacher goes around the classroom to help students)
T: Now show your headings to the whole class.
S1: SAVE OUR EARTH
S2: SAVE THE BIRDS
S3: KEEP OFF THE GRASS
S4: NO SMOKING
S5: LEFTOVER FOOD HERE
T: Now complete the poster with a few sentences using pictures if necessary.
(Ask several students to show their posters)
Show sample poster:
SAVE OUR EARTH
Plant trees every year.
Keep off the grass.
Ride a bike or walk to work or school.
No smoking.
Don’t throw away rubbish.
Step 3 Writing
Ask students to read the message on an Internet environment discussion group and find out the detailed information. Then write a message to the Internet environment discussion group to show your opinions about an environmental problem.
T: Now read the message and answer the three questions on top of Page90, Activity17.
(After read the passage)
T: Have you found the answers? Now we’ll check the answers. Now we’ll come to Activity18.
First you should choose a topic and then follow the instructions to write a message.
Step 4 Suggested message:
I’m very concerned about global climate change. It’s a very serious global problem today.
From what I understand, there are many factors for global warming. The doubling atmospheric carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, would cause rising ocean temperatures, which will cause an increase in evaporation. The added water vapor, also a greenhouse gas, will enhance the greenhouse effect, which would further increase global warming.
There is evidence that for nearly two hundred years our planet has been warming. This is seen not only in climate observations, but also in some physical and biological indicators of environmental change. Some scientists, supported by concerned environmental organizations such as Greenpeace and the World Wild Life Fund, have concluded that many of the patterns associated with this warming can be attributed to the growing impact of human activity on the planet.
They have forecast that over the next hundred years we will create a climate on earth that will be warmer than any so far experienced by the human species. They believe that this rate of change may be unprecedented in the history of our planet and will be so great that many of our ecosystems and wildlife species will fail to adapt.
In recent years, more and more people are paying attention to this problem. But few of them take the measures. We need to stop people from doing it. We should do all that we can to reduce such pollution.
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