學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
1．詞匯： reality, extraordinary, character, interactive, set, upon, feeling, headset, enable, monitor, via, deliver, straw, final, besides, firefighter, burn, battle, whale, ant, fantastic, opportunity, industry, impress, announce, liquid, soap, powder, showcase, employ, accuse, file, popularity, criticize, fade, editor, therefore, voice, opinion, crash, nephew, central, surface, southern, hero, gentle, journey, per, rescue, force, guide, safely.
2．詞組、短語(yǔ)：pass on, thousands of, be connected to, put forward, last but not least, set up, in my opinion, come across, not only ….but also.
3．語(yǔ)法、結(jié)構(gòu)：1) The passive voice
2) Modal verbs and the passive voice
3)Verbs often used in the passive voice
4．技能指導(dǎo) ：
By the end of this unit, students will be able to:
1）read a formal proposal and summaries of three science fiction novels
2） listen to facts and opinions and an interview about computer use
3）Discuss views on technology and interview a classmate
4）Write a proposal for a computer room and a short science fiction story
5）Expand vocabulary related to computer
合作探究
Welcome to the unit
1．導(dǎo)入：The general idea of this period
The pictures and the questions of this part make students take notice of the life in the future. With the rapid development of science and technology, some of our wildest dreams could come true in the future.
Reading
體驗(yàn)：Reading comprehension
The article in this section is a business proposal which introduces a new business idea. Ask students to skim and scan the proposal and try to find answers to the three questions in Part A. Remind students only to focus on the most important information needed to answer these questions. Meanwhile ask students to pay attention to the structure of the passage.
Pay attention to the structure of the article. Organize students into groups of four. Ask them to discuss this article and analyze the structure. Also, students need to conclude what the main idea of each part of the article is.
main ideas
Para 1 ____________________________________________________________
Para 2----7 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Para8 ____________________________________________________________
Activities and discuss
1.After students have worked out the main ideas for the different parts, to further strengthen the comprehension, ask students to answer the following question and fill in the chart according to the proposal.
How can RealCine excite the viewers' five senses?
SenseThings neededEffects in RealCine
sightspecial VR headsetsViewers can see a world of 3D animation all around them.
soundspecial VR headsetsViewers can hear the sounds clearly all around them.
smellsmall opening in the headsetSmells are given out.
toughspecial glovesViewers can tough people and objects in the film.
tastea straw sensorSpecial food and drink chemicals are places into the viewers’mouth.
2. Then check the answers as a class. If time allows, organize a class presentation. Ask students to discuss and use the information in the chart above to give a brief presentation about virtual reality and RealCine.
3. Present the following sentences to students. Ask them to read each one and think about the characteristics of the language used in this article.
I believe you will be amazed by the RealCine experience, and will agree that this is an extraordinary technology that must be developed further.
Viewers will be surprised at how real it feels.
RealCine works by making the viewers feel that they are actually in the film.
I am sure you will agree that RealCine provides a fantastic opportunity for the film-making industry.
Ask students:
As a decision maker, do you think you would finally be persuaded to invest or develop RealCine? Why or why not?
What do you think of the language used tn these sentences?
Tell them that the purpose of a business proposal is to plan or suggest a new idea. The goal is to help the customers or the investors make their decisions. Therefore, clear and persuasive language is often used.
4. Ask students to read the Reading strategy. Tell students that a successful business proposal needs to be objective and that detailed information and convincing facts or examples together with the passive voice are frequently used to achieve this purpose. Therefore, when reading a business proposal, they can focus on these features.
5. Ask students to read the article again and underline the sentences using the passive voice in the passage. Give some explanations why the passive voice is used. This will help students get a better understanding of how to write a proposal.
6. Have students complete Part D. The meanings of the words in Part D should not be difficult for students to identify after they have read through the passage several times. Ask students to refer to the text as they complete Part D. This exercise can help students understand the text better.
7 Draw students' attention to Part E. Part E is a reply to the proposal, which serves as a summary of the article about RealCine. Have students complete it individually first and then check their answers with the whole class.
Post-reading activities
Use the following activities to help students deepen their understanding of RealCine and develop their speaking ability as well.
?Organize students into groups of four. Ask them to hold a group discussion. Imagine what special effect they hope to have if they can see a popular film like 'Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone' in RealCine.
Do you think watching a Harry Potter film in RealCine is more exciting and interesting than in an ordinary cinema? Why or why not?
After the discussion, ask each group to make an advertisement poster for this imaginary virtual reality film. Then they may make an oral presentation of their advertisements in class. Every student can vote and choose the best one from all the advertisements. If possible, ask them to state their reasons for their choice.
?Organize students into groups of six. Ask them to write an introduction to ReaICine. In the introduction, they may state their own opinions on RealCine.
?Organize students into two groups. Ask them to hold a debate activity.
Those who support virtual reality believe that, with this technology, people can do almost everything, even things that cannot be realized in normal life. We don't need to travel any more or spend so much time with friends any more. Virtual reality can provide any necessary features that we need itl our life. Others insist that, real life and interpersonal communication should never be replaced by imaginary scenes. People should take off the headsets and experience the real life themselves. What do you think of these two opinions? State your reasons.
If time permits, ask students to do Parts A1 and A2 on page 96 in their Workbook, so they will be more familiar with the text and the words and expressions learnt in this part. Or they can do the two exercises after class as homework.
Part F aims at consolidating students'speaking ability. Ask students to read the instructions for Part F and discuss wit their partners the questions closely related to new technology. Encourage students to share their opinions and report their answers to the class.
Ask students first to read Part A and then to do Part B in the Writing section of this unit on page 103 in thei Workbook. The passage in Part A is a sample. After reading it, they will know how to write an article about the future school in Part B.
Summary
Realcine works by making the viewers feel that they are actually in the film. unlike ordinary cinema, RealCine excites all five of people’s senses: sight, hearing, smell, tough, and even taste.VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and make them work harder to make their dreams come true.Vr can also do something that could never be achieved in real world.RealCine will certainly provide a fantastic opportunity for the film-making industry.
Words and expressions：
3．研析：
詞匯
1）extraordinary,
1) adj.（形容詞）
非凡的，超出一般或平常的，顯著的：
a man of extraordinary strength
一位力氣驚人的男子
an extraordinary achievement.
一個(gè)非凡的成就
特別的：用于特殊的服務(wù)、功能或場(chǎng)合的：
a minister extraordinary； an extraordinary professor.
特派部長(zhǎng)；一位特職教授
What an extraordinary idea!
多么離奇的想法!
特別的，臨時(shí)的，額外的
an extraordinary session
臨時(shí)會(huì)議
It is extraordinary that….------是不平常的
It was extraordinary that he refused our request.
他拒絕了我們的邀請(qǐng)實(shí)在是不尋常。
2）character
n.（名詞）
1）性質(zhì)，性格， 特色， 身份；
a determined character 果斷的性格；
in his character as father. 以父親的身份；
2) 字
The characters in Chinese writing look like small pictures.
漢字看起來(lái)象是一幅幅小圖畫。
a Chinese character
一個(gè)漢字
3）個(gè)性；特色；（事物的）特性
He has a strong but gentle character.
the character of the savanna areas 大草原地方的特色 ；
他有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)但溫柔的性格。
The new buildings have changed the character of the village.
新建筑改變了這個(gè)村莊的特點(diǎn)。
4）（書、劇中的）人物
I find all the characters in his new play very real.
我覺(jué)得他那出新戲中所有的人物都很真實(shí)。
The story has only a few characters.那故事只有幾個(gè)角色。
相關(guān)詞組：
in character
相符的：與某人特性或行為相符的：
behavior that was totally in character.
與特性完全相符的行為
out of character
不相符的：與某人特性或行為不相符的：
a response so much out of character that it amazed me.
回答與其性格如此不符，使我感到吃驚
3）set
v.（動(dòng)詞）v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）
set， setting， sets
放置：放在指定的地方；放置：
set a book on a table.
在桌上放一本書
使處于某種狀態(tài)：
set the prisoner at liberty.
給犯人自由
使牢固：放入穩(wěn)定的位置：
set the fence post into a bed of concrete.
將籬笆樁置于水泥床上
set a broken arm.
接合斷臂
set the sails.
揚(yáng)帆
set an alarm clock.
上鬧鐘
安排：適當(dāng)布置以備用：
set a place for a dinner guest; set a table.
為宴會(huì)客人安排地方；放置桌子
以…為背景：確定一幕劇的情節(jié)展開的特定地點(diǎn)：
a play that is set in Venice.
以威尼斯為背景的劇
創(chuàng)立：
set a world record.
創(chuàng)世界紀(jì)錄
樹立榜樣：
A parent must set a good example for the children.
父母必須為孩子樹立好榜樣
有準(zhǔn)備的：
We are set to leave early tomorrow morning.
我們準(zhǔn)備明早離開
相關(guān)詞組：
set about
開始：開始或出發(fā)：
set about solving the problem.
著手解決問(wèn)題
set down
坐：使坐；坐下：
Set the baby down here.
讓小孩坐這兒
記錄：寫下；記錄：
We set down the facts.
我們記下事實(shí)
認(rèn)為；看作：
Just set him down as a sneak.
當(dāng)他是個(gè)陰險(xiǎn)的人
把…歸于：由…引起；把…歸于：
Let's set the error down to inexperience.
讓我們把錯(cuò)誤歸于沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
著陸：（飛機(jī)）著陸：
The pilot set the plane down hard.
飛行員艱難地使飛機(jī)著陸
set forth
提出：提出想法；建議：
set forth a sound plan.
提出一個(gè)合理的計(jì)劃
表達(dá)：用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)：
She has set forth her ideas.
她已經(jīng)表達(dá)出了想法
set off
發(fā)生：引起；導(dǎo)致發(fā)生：
set off a chemical reaction.
發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)
爆炸：引起爆炸：
set off a bomb.
炸彈爆炸
開始旅程：
set off for Europe.
開始?xì)W洲之旅
set out
著手：開始一個(gè)熱切的計(jì)劃；著手：
He set out to understand why the plan had failed.
他開始明白為什么計(jì)劃失敗了
種：
set out seedlings.
種小樹
開始旅程：
She set out at dawn for town.
她日出時(shí)出發(fā)去鎮(zhèn)上
set up
建立：
set up a charity.
建立一家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)
set fire to
縱火：點(diǎn)燃或使燃燒
set (one's) heart on
決心做某事
n.（名詞）
一套：一組互屬并成套使用的同類物品：
a chess set.
一套國(guó)際象棋
4）reason
n.（名詞）.
原因；理由；動(dòng)機(jī)
The reason she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。
The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle.
其原因是,這架飛機(jī)又是一輛自行車。理性；理智；道理；判斷力
There's a great deal of reason in his advice.
他的忠告極有道理。
"There are reasons for this great interest in the ideas, feelings, and actions of youth."
"對(duì)年青人的思想、感情和行動(dòng)發(fā)生這樣巨大的興趣,自有它的道理。"
it stands to reason
合乎道理
listen to reason
服從道理
with reason
有理由；合乎情理
He thinks, with reason, that I don't like him.
他有理由認(rèn)為我不喜歡他。
vi., vt.
推理；推究
to reason clearly
推理清楚
（與into, out of連用）勸說(shuō)
to reason a person out of fear
勸人別害怕
（與with連用）與…爭(zhēng)辯
5）via, prep.（介詞）
經(jīng)由，途經(jīng)
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin
由北京經(jīng)由天津去上海
通過(guò)；憑藉
I sent a message to Mary via her brother.
我托瑪麗的兄弟把信帶給她。
6）deliver, v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）
遞送：帶到或運(yùn)送到適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤交蚪邮苷�；分送�?br>deliver groceries; deliver the mail.
運(yùn)送食品；投遞郵件
交付：把（某人或某物）交給他人；移交：
delivered the criminal to the police.
把罪犯交給警察
的工人
To throw or hurl:
擲，猛投：
The pitcher delivered the ball.
投手猛一投球
陳述，發(fā)言：用言辭表達(dá)；發(fā)表，講：
deliver a lecture.
發(fā)表演講
分娩：
She delivered a baby boy this morning.
今天早晨她生了個(gè)小男孩
使分娩：給（產(chǎn)婦）接生：
The doctor delivered her of twins.
這個(gè)醫(yī)生為她接生了一對(duì)雙胞胎
放出，制造；生產(chǎn)：
The oil well delivered only 50 barrels a day.
這口油井每天只產(chǎn)原油五十桶
7）impress, （常與with連用）使（人）印象深刻；使銘記
常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不用進(jìn)行式，常與on連用）使印象深刻
The book impressed a lot of people. 這本書在很多人心中留下深刻印象。
I was deeply impressed by (at, with) his speech. 他的演講給我留下深刻印象
Impress +n.+ on(upon) + n. (person) =impress +n.(person)+with
I impressed on him the importance of his work.=I impressed him with the importance of his work.
我使他注意他的工作的重要性。
（常與on連用）蓋（�。簧w（�。┯�
impress wax with a seal
把印蓋在火漆上
8） announce宣布，宣告：使公開地知道
To proclaim the presence or arrival of:
宣布…的出席，宣布…的到來(lái)：
announce a caller.
宣布來(lái)訪者
To provide an indication of beforehand; foretell:
預(yù)示：事先提供暗示；預(yù)示：
The invention of the microchip announced a new generation of computers.
微晶片的發(fā)明預(yù)示了新一代的計(jì)算機(jī)
To serve as an announcer for:
當(dāng)…的播音員：
announce a football game on TV.
在電視上給一場(chǎng)足球賽作播音
v.intr.（不及物動(dòng)詞）
To declare one's candidacy:
宣布競(jìng)選：宣布某人的候選人身份：
Presidential candidates announce two years in advance of the elections.
在總統(tǒng)選舉前兩年宣布競(jìng)選者
To serve as an announcer.
作播音員
9）force n.
n.（名詞）
力，力量
the force of the explosion
爆炸力
You must use force to open that bottle.
你必須用力打開那個(gè)瓶子。
The porter had to force the window open every morning.
每天早晨門房只好用力硬把窗戶打開。
New emerging forces are invincible.
新生力量是不可戰(zhàn)勝的。
暴力
The thief took the money from the old man by force.
小偷用暴力奪走了老人的錢。
〈物〉力
the force of gravity
地心引力
The force of gravity makes things fall to earth.
地心引力使物體落向地面。
威力；勢(shì)力
the forces of evil
邪惡勢(shì)力
the forces of nature
自然力
說(shuō)服力
force of example
榜樣的力量
There is force in what he said.
他的話有說(shuō)服力。
部隊(duì)；兵力
the police force
警察部隊(duì)
(pl) 三軍武裝力量
The air force is one of the armed forces.
空軍是武裝部隊(duì)的一種。
in force
大批地
The police were there in force.
大批警察駐守在那兒。
in force
生效；在施行中 (= into force)
join forces (with)
聯(lián)合；合作
v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）
forced， forcing， forces
強(qiáng)迫：通過(guò)壓力或需迫使：
I forced myself to practice daily. He was forced to take a second job.
我強(qiáng)迫自己每天練習(xí)。他被迫要找第二份工作
強(qiáng)行，硬：反對(duì)抵制或慣性地運(yùn)動(dòng)或影響：
forced my foot into the shoe.
將腳硬塞入鞋中
強(qiáng)加：無(wú)情地折磨或強(qiáng)加：
He forced his ideas upon the group.
他把自己的意見(jiàn)強(qiáng)加給別人To put undue strain on:
施加過(guò)分的壓力：
She forced her voice despite being hoarse.
盡管嗓子已啞，她仍使勁提高嗓音
force (someone's) hand
迫使倉(cāng)促行動(dòng)：迫使某人在條件未成熟或不情愿的情況下行動(dòng)或發(fā)言
in force
大批：大批的；大量的：有效的；操作性的
Demonstrators were out in force.
大批示威者上街
a rule that is no longer in force.
不再有效的規(guī)則
force， oblige，
Force 最為普遍，通常指力量的使用，尤其是體力上，或指不允許任何替代屈從的環(huán)境的進(jìn)行：
Tear gas forced the fugitives out of their hiding place.
催淚彈氣體將逃犯從藏身之處嗆了出來(lái)。
Lack of funds will eventually force him to look for work.
資金缺乏最終將會(huì)迫使他找工作。
Oblige 適用于出于權(quán)力、需要、道德或倫理的考慮而被迫屈從：
“Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do” (Mark Twain).
“無(wú)論什么樣的工作都必須 要做” （馬克?吐溫）。
10）guide
n.（名詞）
領(lǐng)路人，導(dǎo)師，導(dǎo)游，向?qū)?br>To serve as a guide.
監(jiān)督…的訓(xùn)練或教育：作為向?qū)?br>
指南
a shopper's guide.，購(gòu)物指南
A guidebook. 指南，手冊(cè)
v.（動(dòng)詞）
guided， guiding， guides
v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）
帶領(lǐng)，為…做向?qū)В?
They guided us to the office.
他們帶領(lǐng)我們到了辦公室。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；指導(dǎo)，影響；支配；操縱
Be guided by your feeling.
按你的感覺(jué)行事。
引導(dǎo)，指引
guided me to my seat;
帶我到我的座位上去；
guide a ship through a channel.
引領(lǐng)輪船通過(guò)海峽
v.intr.（不及物動(dòng)詞）
guide, conduct, lead, steer作為動(dòng)詞在一起比較的一般含義是“領(lǐng)”、“導(dǎo)”或“引”。
guide(抽象名詞guidance，具體名詞guide“向?qū)А?是通用詞，可以用于“為別人帶路”、“指導(dǎo)別人的學(xué)習(xí)、品行修養(yǎng)”，它的內(nèi)涵是避免走彎路或遇到危險(xiǎn)
Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world.
數(shù)千只燈籠慢慢向大海漂去，給死人返回陰間指明道路。
At the top of the bank my guide paused and looked back at me.
我的向?qū)г诤影渡仙酝Ａ艘幌�，并且回頭看了看我。
He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green.
他現(xiàn)在正在格林教授的指導(dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)。
而conduct(抽象名詞conductance“傳導(dǎo)力”，具體名詞conductor“向?qū)д摺保财嚨鹊摹笆燮眴T”)在表示“指導(dǎo)”、“引導(dǎo)”時(shí)含有明顯的主從關(guān)系，即被引導(dǎo)者不服從是不可以的
The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him to a shelter.
警察最后把他的雙手綁了起來(lái)并把他帶到一個(gè)防空洞。
Do you prefer conducted tours or independent travel?
你是喜歡跟著導(dǎo)游還是喜歡獨(dú)立地去旅行？
lead(抽象名詞leadership“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，具體名詞leader“領(lǐng)袖”、“領(lǐng)隊(duì)”)可以表示“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”、“帶路”，但它總含有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者走在前面，而把被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者控制在自己的權(quán)威之下，或被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者處于秩序井然的狀態(tài)中的意思
Our guide led us through a series of caves.
我們的向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著我們穿過(guò)一個(gè)接一個(gè)的洞穴。
steer(抽象名詞steerage“操縱”，具體名詞steersman“舵手”)一般表示“駕駛”、“掌舵”，但常用于比喻，詞義引伸后有“操縱”、“指導(dǎo)”的意思。尤其適用于表示“指導(dǎo)著度過(guò)難關(guān)”的意義
The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.
卡蒂薩克號(hào)向兩側(cè)搖晃著，駕駛這只船是不可能的了。
Soon the country will be steered to peace and prosperity.
這個(gè)國(guó)家很快便會(huì)被帶入和平與繁榮之境。
詞組：
1）pass on
傳遞；前進(jìn)，傳下來(lái)；傳給（后代），離去；往前
Let us now pass on to the next subject.
現(xiàn)在讓我們看看下一個(gè)題目。
2） put forward
提出：提議以供考慮：
put forward a new plan.
提出一個(gè)新計(jì)劃
3）come across
偶然遇到或找到：
came across my old college roommate in town today.
今天在鎮(zhèn)上遇到我大學(xué)的老同學(xué)
給予印象：
“He comes across as a very sincere, religious individual”(William L. Clay)
“他給人的印象是一個(gè)很虔誠(chéng)的、篤實(shí)的人”(威廉L.克萊)
4）not only ….but also
一、主要用法：
1、連接主語(yǔ)：
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are found of watching television.
不僅我，而且湯姆和瑪麗都喜歡看電視。
由于not only A but also B 句式的重點(diǎn)在B上，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要與B保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。
2、連接謂語(yǔ)：
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.
英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人不但語(yǔ)言相同，而且有很多相同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。
注意not only…but also連接的動(dòng)詞一般不重復(fù)，這與漢語(yǔ)不同。如漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)“我不僅懂英語(yǔ)，而且懂俄語(yǔ)”，英語(yǔ)則說(shuō)“I know not only English but also Russian”，而不說(shuō)“I not only know English but also know Russian”.再如：“氣體不僅改變形狀，而且改變體積”，英譯為“A gas changes not only in shape but also in volume.”（注意介詞常重復(fù)）
3、連接賓語(yǔ)：
The problem for the recipient was trying to guess not only who the sender was, but also what his secret feelings might be.
收信人不僅要盡力猜出是誰(shuí)的，還要猜測(cè)寄信人的內(nèi)心有什么想法。
4、連接表語(yǔ)：
Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor.
莎士比亞不僅是一位劇作家，而且是一位演員。
5、連接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.
淺色和鮮艷的顏色不但使人看了高興，也會(huì)使人更加活潑。
6、連接狀語(yǔ)：
If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not merely pleasantly but thankfully.
如果你的朋友善意的指明你的缺點(diǎn)，你不但要欣然接受，而且要心懷感激之情。
7、連接從句：
He didn’t let us off the book until we had proved not only that we know what an organism was bur also that we had the fortitude to stand up for the truth.
直到我們證明了我們不僅知道什么是生物體，而且具有堅(jiān)持真理的不屈不撓的精神時(shí)，他這才放過(guò)我們。
8、連接定語(yǔ)：
Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space.
人類不僅征服了太空，而且征服了太空。
9、連接句子
I not only heard it, but (also) I saw it.
我不僅聽(tīng)到、而且看到了它。
Not only…but also連接句子時(shí)，not only可以置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，這是第一分句要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.
它不僅有著頭等的頭腦，而且工作很能吃苦。
Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well.
這個(gè)可憐人不僅被逮捕，而且被投進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。
Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.
對(duì)這件事不僅教授們有自己的看法，學(xué)生們也有自己的想法。
10、用于it is…that強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：
It is not only the scientist and the physician who need a long special training now, but the computer expert, the accountant, and the business manager.
現(xiàn)在，不僅科學(xué)家和醫(yī)生需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的專門訓(xùn)練，計(jì)算機(jī)專家、會(huì)計(jì)師和企業(yè)經(jīng)理也需要這種訓(xùn)練。
二、not only…but的省略及其變體
1、not only…but also中的also可以省略。有人認(rèn)為該句型所連接的第二部分最高級(jí)形容詞或它所表示的范圍、程度、影響等超過(guò)第一部分時(shí)，常將also省略。例如：
He was not only a successful writer but (also) the greatest poet of his time.
它不僅是一位成功的作家，而且還是他那個(gè)時(shí)代最偉大的詩(shī)人。
Not only do they suffer less pain than most women in labor, but the town boasts an unusually low rate of infant mortality.
這不僅使她們比大多數(shù)的婦女受痛苦，，而且是城市嬰兒死亡率大大降低。
2、not only…but also句型一般只可以省略also，但在連接句子時(shí)，有時(shí)也可見(jiàn)到省略but甚至but also的情形。例如：
Not only was I tired, I was also cold.
我不光困倦，還感到很冷。（省去了but）
Since moisture is needed for rain, dry air in the morning not only allows the spider to get an early start, is also means a dry day.
有了濕度才會(huì)下雨，因此，早晨空氣干燥不僅使蜘蛛早點(diǎn)開始結(jié)網(wǎng)，而且意味著這一天不會(huì)下雨。(省去了but)
Not only has she been an excellent wife, she has been a better husband than I’ll never be.
她不僅是一個(gè)極其出色的妻子，而且是一個(gè)我永遠(yuǎn)也做不到的好丈夫。(省去了but also)
3、not only…but also的形式比較固定，但也會(huì)出現(xiàn)but與also被分開的情形。例如：Not only the mother but the children are also sick.
Not only is his right lung affected but his left lung is also.
4、not only A but also B的替代式常見(jiàn)的還有not only a but B …as well, not only A but B too, not merely A but also B, not just A but also B, not…alone. ..but等。例如：
In jurisprudence it is a well-known principle that justice should not merely be done but should also be seen to be done.
在法理學(xué)方面，人所共知的原則是：對(duì)受害者不僅應(yīng)該公正對(duì)待，而且應(yīng)當(dāng)讓人們看到他得到了公正的對(duì)待。
Not poets alone, nor artists, nor that superior order of mind which arrogates to itself all refinement, feel this, but dogs and all men.
不僅使人，藝術(shù)家以及那些自命不凡、思想杰出的人覺(jué)得如此，連狗和普通人也有同感。
三、其他注意事項(xiàng)：
1、“not only A but also B”結(jié)構(gòu)中的A和B通常是同等成分。由于同一成分常常由同一詞類的詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，所以A 與B 常常也是同一詞性，但是，也有A與B屬于不同詞性的情形。例如：“He is not only very clever, but also a very hard worker, and he likes to do everything well.”（他不但聰明，而且能下功夫。他喜歡把每件事都做得很好。）其中A是形容詞，B是名詞，但兩者均在句中作表語(yǔ)，因此仍是正確的句子。然而，在“He not only plays the piano, but also the violin.”一句中，A是動(dòng)詞，B是名詞，不是同一成分，因此語(yǔ)法學(xué)家認(rèn)為此句有點(diǎn)欠妥，至少在書面語(yǔ)中就是如此。如改為“He plays not only the piano, but also the violin.”就無(wú)懈可擊了，再看下面的例子：
The surprise grant not only enabled Dad to finish A&T, but to graduate first in his class.
這筆意外的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金不僅是我的父親能讀完農(nóng)業(yè)和技術(shù)學(xué)院，而且畢業(yè)成績(jī)名列榜首。
2、有人認(rèn)為，not only…but also 不能用于否定句。漢語(yǔ)中用于否定句中的“不但…而且”在英語(yǔ)中要用as well as表示。如“不但我不想看戲，而且他也不想看戲”可譯作“He, as well as I, doesn’t want to see the play. ”不過(guò)，這條規(guī)則也有例外，請(qǐng)看下面的例子:
Not only don’t I know the population of Nepal, I don’t know where in god’s world it is!
我不但不知道尼泊爾人口，而且連它究竟在哪里也不知道！
這個(gè)例句有幾個(gè)共同點(diǎn)：都是連接否定分句，都是倒裝句，都沒(méi)有用but also。下面一例出自一位美國(guó)作家之手，所不同的是not only…but連接的是并列謂語(yǔ)，第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是不定的，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞則是肯定的：
Nonetheless, as he described Mary’s attitudes her accomplishments, he found himself wishing that she cared more about the police side of his life than she seemed to, that she might understand it as intimately, say, as the woman opposite him. But this motion seemed to him so disloyal to Mary that he not only did not articulate it, but at once tried to suppress it.
Notes
1 Upon reaching the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced.
The preposition upon here means 'at or immediately after the time or occasion of'. The preposition on can also be used to express the same meaning.
Upon/On his arrival in Paris, the famous film star was recognized and surrounded by his fans.
Upon/On hearing of the death of his parents, he cried for hours.
2 Special gloves are also worn so that people and objects in the film can be touched.
Here so that means 'with the aim that', which is used to introduce a clause showing a purpose.
She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 6 o'clock.
So that can also mean 'with the result that', which is used to introduce a clause
showing a result.
Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he had left.
3 To add to the virtual world of RealCine, smells are given out through small openings in the headsets.
Here add to means 'to increase'.
The West Lake adds to the beauty of the city of Hangzhou.
This phrase can also be used like add ...to...
If you add twelve to eighty-five, you get ninety-seven.
4 In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and make them work harder to make their dreams come true.
Here it refers to the subject clause 'that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and ...'
When the subject is a clause, an empty subject it is often used, and the order of the sentence is normally changed.
Compare each pair of sentences as follows:
What she looks like doesn't matter. It doesn't matter what she looks like.
That income tax should be abolished has actually been suggested.
It has actually been suggested that income tax should be abolished.
5 An argument has been put forward that some viewers will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.
Here that is used to introduce an appositive clause 'some viewers will be
disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.' This clause refers to 'an argument' and that cannot be omitted.
Your belief that things will improve is too optimistic.
Your suggestion that we should pay more attention to our table manners is a good one.
……
語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)津
Passive Voice
英文動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) Active Voice 和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) Passive Voice 之分。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的「發(fā)出者」，動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的「承受者」，動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
例如：
1. John encouraged Mary.?約翰鼓勵(lì)瑪莉。?
2. Mary was encouraged by John.?瑪莉受到約翰鼓勵(lì)。?
※ 第一句的動(dòng)詞 "encouraged" 是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；第二句的動(dòng)詞
"was encouraged"是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形態(tài)是：
助動(dòng)詞BE + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(-ed分詞)
動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常有六種時(shí)、體形式：即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體、過(guò)去進(jìn)行體、現(xiàn)在完成體和過(guò)去完成體。
1．Simple Present Tense
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： I teach him.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： He is taught by me.
2． Simple Past Tense
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： I taught him yesterday.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： He was taught by me yesterday.
3．Present Continuous Tense
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： I am teaching him.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： He is being taught by me.
4．Past Continuous Tense
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： I was teaching him when you came.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： He was being taught by me when you came.
5． Present Perfect Tense
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： I have taught him.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： He has been taught by me.
6． Past Perfect Tense
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： I had taught him before you came.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： He had been taught by me before you came.
一般將來(lái)時(shí) Simple Future Tense 也常常有這種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： I shall teach him tomorrow.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： He will be taught by me tomorrow.
動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：
1. 先找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；
2. 再找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)；
3. 把賓語(yǔ)用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)；
4. 注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week.
→A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.
→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.
→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.
→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.
→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.
→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to 。
例：make somebody do something
→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something
→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.
→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。
He gave me a book.
→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.
→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike.
→A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
We can’t laugh him.
→He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day.
→The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man.
→The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
只要你掌握了以上一些方法，
使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般因由
1. 不易說(shuō)出動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的「發(fā)出者」
例如：
This building was completed in 1980.
* 由誰(shuí)建成，不易說(shuō)出。
2. 不便說(shuō)出動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的「發(fā)出者」
例如：
The meeting has been postponed till Friday.
3. 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的「承受者」比「發(fā)出者」更需強(qiáng)調(diào)
例如：
A press conference was held last night.
4. 為了修辭
例如：
The teacher loves the students and is loved by them.
態(tài)： A book was given him by me.
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：Modal verbs and the passive voice
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
Students will learn how to use modal verbs in the passive voice to express ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc. They are also expected to learn to use modal verbs in the passive voice in the present and the past tenses.
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
Verbs often used in the passive voice
Here students will learn some of the verbs that are often used in the passive voice. And they should know that these verbs function as adjectives.
The teacher may begin this part by asking students to complete some sentences by choosing one of the two words given. The words in bold are the correct answers. For example,
1.The children are getting about the coming holiday. (exciting; excited)
2.Don't you get of arguing about the same thing all the time? (tiring; tired)
3.Joan isn't very good at Physics, so everyone was when she passed the exam.(surprising; surprised)
4.All of us were very last Saturday because our team lost the game.(disappointing; disappointed)
5.It was snowing last night. So everything is with snow this morning.(covering; covered)
6.My parents are quite with my test results. (pleasing; pleased)
7.Both of them are with the arrangement. (satisfying; satisfied)
Ask students why they choose the verb-ed forms but not verb-ing forms.
注：黑體字為答案。
自主演練
A．單項(xiàng)填空
1、It’s said that about a quarter of _______ European can speak _________ foreign language besides their native language.
A the; a B an; the C the; the D 不填；不填
2、I like ________in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A this B either C it D one
3、Do you really believe that Mr. White has blamed us for the accident, especially ________?
A you and me B I and you C you and I D you and me
4、As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, __________.
A the more for life are you equipped
B the more equipped for life you are
C the more life you are equipped for
D you are equipped the more for life
5、American eat ______ as they actually need every day.
A twice as much protein B twice protein as much twice
C twice protein as much D protein as twice much
6、Jason has been preparing carefully for his English examination so that he could be sure of passing it at his first _________.
A purpose B desire C attempt D intention
7、John and I ________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that.
A had been; have been B have been; have been
C had been; had seen D have been; had seen
8、I ________ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time.
A had fallen asleep B have fallen asleep C fell asleep D fall asleep
9、Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _________ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A had considered B has been considering
C considered D is going to consider
10、The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________by 2006.
A has been completed B has completed
C will have been completed D will have completed
11、The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ________ increased enormously ever since.
A is B was C has been D had been
12、More patients ________ in hospital this year than last year.
A treated B have treated C had been treated D have been treated
13、Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she _________.
A has done B had done C was doing D is doing
14、Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _________ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A was called B is called C had been called D has been called
15、________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A To wait B Have waited C Having waited D To have waited
16、It is said that Barbara’s sister fell off her bicycle on her way to school, _________ in the left leg.
A seriously damaging B hurting badly
C breaking seriously D badly hurt
17、Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I _______ so much fried chicken just now.
A shouldn’t eat B mustn’t have eaten
C shouldn’t have eaten D mustn’t eat
18、It seems as if the sun ________ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.
A circlesB is circling C has been circling D were circling
19、They must have been enjoying themselves there, otherwise they _________ so long.
A can’t have stayed B wouldn’t have stayed
C needn’t have stayed D couldn’t stay
20、A fast food restaurant is the place ________ ,just as the same suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A which B where C there D what
B．短文填空
The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet（彗星） is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably the southern half of the Earth.
______17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s （大氣層） with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African are totally destroyed and millions of people are_______ .
Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are off in the Andes Mountains. The shock move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, the north won’t for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won’t be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for A year later, no more than 10 million people remain .
Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs（恐龍） were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in . The dinosaurs couldn’t live
________ the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end
C．詞匯題
1、A courier ______ the parcels expected for a long time to our office.
A took B addressed C delivered D gave
2、We were most impressed ________ your efficiency .
A in B on C with D upon
3、The Prime Minister of Great Britain ________ that he would resign.
A announced B predicted C reported D circularized
4、The thief who was on the red coat ________ her to hand over the money.
A let B forced C forbade D fraud
5、There is an _______ film about a highly gifted child whose picture often appeared in the newspaper .
A special B unusual C additional D extraordinary
6、------ I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
-------There is no _______ for this while you are on duty.
A reason B excuse C cause D explanation
7、I decided to put your name _______ for basketball club secretary.
A on B in C forward D through
8、Pass the book ________ to me when you’ve finished with it.
A out B by C on D over
9、One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________ in the number of natural disasters.
A result B account C reason D increase
10、No matter what you do, you should put your ________ into it.
A mind B heart C brain D thought
11、There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.
A means B directions C views D ways
12、My chest ________ when I make a deep breath, doctor.
A harms B wounds C hurts D injuries
13、I wrote him a letter to show my _________ of his thoughtfulness.
A achievement B agreement C attention D appreciation
14、One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good ________.
A sight B scene C attention D appreciation
15、We have _______ the meeting forward by one week according to the headmaster’s requirement.
A put B look C move D let
D．改錯(cuò)題
We all know the pyramids in Egypt and most of 1. ______
us don’t know the people in Mexico in the old time also 2. ______
built pyramids. They didn’t build them to tombs. The 3. ______
pyramids in Mexico aren’t as high as that in Egypt, but 4 . ______
they are big. Each one pyramid has a wide stairway 5. ______
up to the top. There is nothing inside the pyramids, 6. ______
only earth and stones. Scientists think it takes one 7. ______
thousand men more than ten years build the biggest one. 8. ______
How did he people build the pyramids? Scientists had 9. ______
Studied for years, but no one can say what they did it. 10. ______
E.單句翻譯
1.好的傳統(tǒng)應(yīng)該一代一代往下傳。(pass on)
2.他的父親強(qiáng)迫他戒煙。(force sb.to do sth.)
3.這個(gè)有著非凡的舞蹈天賦的女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。(extraordinary)
4.他想通過(guò)付額外的薪水來(lái)使他的員工留下印象。(impress)
5.如果我有一個(gè)生日舞會(huì)，我會(huì)立刻通知我的朋友。(announce)
6.他今天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)的原因是他媽媽病了。(the reason……is that….)
7.我準(zhǔn)備遞送這只鉆戒，因?yàn)槲抑牢覠o(wú)論給誰(shuí)他都會(huì)喜歡。(deliver)
8.我們應(yīng)該提出一個(gè)有效的方法來(lái)改善我們的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。(put forward…)
9.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該通過(guò)自己的行為為下一代樹立榜樣。(set up )
10.他帶領(lǐng)我們從一個(gè)勝利走向另一個(gè)勝利。(guide )
F.書面表達(dá)
某英文報(bào)“讀者來(lái)信”專欄正在就高三學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)是否應(yīng)該為孩子購(gòu)置電腦這一話題開展討論。有贊同的，也有反對(duì)的。請(qǐng)你向該報(bào)編輯寫一封英文信，發(fā)表你的觀點(diǎn)。
信的開頭已寫好，你只需接著寫。
注意：
1．下面的提示可能會(huì)幫助你構(gòu)思：
A. more information?
improve English?
learning software (學(xué)習(xí)軟件) ?
enjoy oneself?
….
B. computer games
short-sighted
waste of money
fail the exams
…
2．你不必根據(jù)上面的提示逐條進(jìn)行寫作，可自由發(fā)揮。
3．詞數(shù)：70以上。
Dear editor,
I'm a student of Senior Three. I think my parents should buy me a computer now.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
多彩世界
訓(xùn)練學(xué)生思維，體現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新精神，輸入新材料，提高閱讀欣賞能力，豐富和超越教材目標(biāo)。
A.提供或設(shè)計(jì)與單元話題相關(guān)的情景材料，進(jìn)行說(shuō)寫訓(xùn)練。
Situation 1: …
European Shuttle Prototype Lands Safely
導(dǎo)讀：歐洲航空防務(wù)與空間公司“鳳凰號(hào)”航天飛機(jī)模型在瑞典成功試飛。
Sun, May 09, 2004
STOCKHOLM, Sweden(瑞典首都-斯德哥爾摩) - An unmanned prototype of a European space shuttle glided safely back to Earth on Saturday after being dropped from nearly 8,000 feet up by a helicopter.
Guided by Global Positioning System satellites(全球定位衛(wèi)星), the German-designed EADS(歐洲航空防務(wù)與空間公司) Phoenix was dropped by a heavy-duty helicopter over Sweden at 9:45 a.m. and "landed perfectly" 90 seconds later on a test runway north of Stockholm, a project spokeswoman said.
"Everyone here is ecstatic," said Johanna Bergstroem-Roos, of the North European Aerospace Test Range in Kiruna, 770 miles north of Stockholm.
"This gives us wind in our sails."
The Phoenix shuttle, along with the Ariane 5 rocket, represents the European Space Agency's hope for sending astronauts into space, but project managers concede a full-size version will not be ready until sometime between 2015 and 2020.
The test flight was originally planned for Friday but was postponed so technicians could finish analyzing data from an earlier test of the vehicle's onboard computers this week.
The next step likely will be to drop the prototype from higher altitudes, with the help of a high-altitude balloon, Bergstroem-Roos said. The finished shuttle must be capable of gliding to land from an altitude of 80 miles, she said.
Situation 2: …As motorways become more and more clogged up with traffic, a new generation of flying cars will be needed to ferry people along skyways.
That is the verdict of engineers from the US space agency and aeronautical firms, who envision future commuters travelling by "skycar".
These could look much like the concept skycar shown in the picture, designed by Boeing research and development.
However, such vehicles could be some 25 years from appearing on the market.
Efforts to build flying vehicles in the past have not been very successful.
Such vehicles would not only be expensive and require the skills of a trained pilot to fly, but there are significant engineering challenges involved in developing them.
"When you try to combine them you get the worst of both worlds: a very heavy, slow, expensive vehicle that's hard to use," said Mark Moore, head of the personal air vehicle (PAV) division of the vehicle systems program at Nasa's Langley Research Center in Hampton, US.
But Boeing is also considering how to police the airways - and prevent total pandemonium - if thousands of flying cars enter the skies.
"The neat, gee-whiz part is thinking about what would the vehicle itself look like," said Dick Paul, a vice president with Phantom Works, Boeing's research and development arm.
"But we're trying to think through all the ramifications of what would it take to deploy a fleet of these."
Past proposals to solve this problem have included artificial intelligence systems to prevent collisions between air traffic.
Nasa is working on flying vehicles with the initial goal of transforming small plane travel.
Small planes are generally costly, loud, require months of training and lots of money to operate, making flying to work impractical for most people.
But within five years, Nasa researchers hope to develop technology for a small plane that can fly out of regional airports, costs less than $100,000 (￡55,725), is as quiet as a motorcycle and as simple to operate as a car.
Although it would not have any road-driving capabilities, it would bring this form of travel within the grasp of a wider section of people. Technology would automate many of the pilot's functions.
This Small Aircraft Transportation System (Sats) would divert pressure away from the "hub-and-spoke" model of air travel.
Hub-and-spoke refers to the typically US model of passengers being processed through large "hub" airports and then on to secondary flights to "spoke" airports near their final destination. 由于高速公路上的交通堵塞情況越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重，一種能夠載人穿梭在“空中高速路”上的新一代“飛車”將成為需要。
這就是美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局和一些航空公司的工程師們的意見(jiàn)，他們預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)人類將會(huì)乘坐“飛車”旅行。
這些車可能會(huì)和圖片中見(jiàn)到的波音公司研發(fā)中心設(shè)計(jì)的概念飛車很相像。
然而，這樣的交通工具可能需要25年左右的時(shí)間才能投放市場(chǎng)。
人類在過(guò)去制造飛車的努力一直都不是很成功。
這樣的交通工具汽車耗資不菲，而且要求駕駛者具備像訓(xùn)練有素的飛行員一樣的駕駛技巧；不僅如此，在研制過(guò)程中還面臨工程學(xué)方面的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。
馬克?摩爾是美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局蘭利研究中心（位于漢普頓）汽車系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目組“個(gè)人空中交通工具（PAV）”小組的負(fù)責(zé)人，他說(shuō)：“當(dāng)你試圖將各個(gè)方面組合起來(lái)時(shí)，得到的是一輛最糟糕的車：非常笨重，速度又慢，價(jià)格還高，總之駕駛起來(lái)很不方便�！�
但波音公司同時(shí)也在考慮，在上千輛“飛車”進(jìn)入空中的情況下如何對(duì)空中通道進(jìn)行管理，防止交通陷入徹底的混亂。
波音公司研發(fā)部門“幻影工程隊(duì)”的副總裁迪克?保羅說(shuō)：“最關(guān)鍵和最精彩的是設(shè)計(jì)出這種交通工具本身，但是我們也在全力考慮當(dāng)這樣一支車隊(duì)投入運(yùn)行后可能出現(xiàn)的所有情況�！�
關(guān)于如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，以往就有一些建議，包括使用人工智能系統(tǒng)來(lái)防止空中交通工具之間發(fā)生碰撞。
B.一篇閱讀文章。
Gauri Nanda sees a wearable computer as a...handbag -- one that's built out of four-inch squares and triangles of fabric, with tiny computer chips embedded in it.
Assembled together with Velcro that conducts electricity, these pieces form a bag that looks, feels, and weighs like your typical leather purse.
That's where the similarities end: This bag can wirelessly keep tabs on your belongings and remind you, just as you're about to leave the house, to take your wallet. It can review the weather report and suggest that you grab an umbrella -- or your sunshades. This purse can even upload your favorite songs onto your scarf.
Sure, a computing purse and scarf set may seem like the stuff of science fiction. But these devices, part of next generation of wearable computers, could become commonplace within a few years. Unit shipments of such wearable computers -- purses, watches, shirts -- should rise from 261,000 last year to 1.39 million in 2008, according to the tech research firm IDC.
Powering this market are advancements in design and in fabric-embedded electronics. Over the last two years, DuPont (DD ) created new fibers called Aracon, made of Kevlar, that are superstrong, can conduct electricity, and can be woven into ordinary-looking clothes. And chipmaker Infineon (IFX ) developed chip packaging allowing wearable computers to be washed, even in the heavy-duty cycle.
As a result, these new wearables are a far cry from the clunky and downright silly versions of the recent past, which often required users to be wrapped in wires, type on their stomachs, and sport an unseemly display on their foreheads. "Cyborg computing was very clunky, very bulky machines that people didn't want to carry around," says Nanda, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass. "Our bags feel and look like bags."
Unlike their predecessors, these new wearable computers also make economic sense. When her bag becomes commercially available in two to three years, Nanda expects it will cost around $150, which is the price of an average leather purse. Only "it's fun, you can rip apart and put together a computer," she says.
Here's how the bag works: You place a special radio-signal-transmitting chip onto your wallet. A similar radio in your purse picks up the signal and notifies you that you've forgotten to take your wallet. In turn, sensors on your purse's handles will notify the computer that you've picked up the purse and are ready to go.
Such unobtrusive, inconspicuous, and fun devices should grab more than 80% of the total wearable computing market by 2008, while cyborgian wearable PCs will remain a niche, says IDC analyst Kevin Burden. Already, these new kinds of wearables are being adopted for use in markets like auto repair, emergency services, medical monitoring -- and even, increasingly, for consumers at large.
Wearables are also slowly making their way into the auto-repair market. A company called Microvision (MVIS ) recently introduced its Nomad head-mounted display. It covers one eye, but it's see-through, allowing auto technicians to examine the innards of a car and check them against on-screen computer drawings at the same time. It comes as a baseball cap clip-on, to be more unobtrusive.
So far, it's a hit: At Jim Fisher Volvo dealership in Portland, Ore., which has been testing the system for about seven months, productivity of technicians went up 10% to 20%, says Service Manager John Prosser. Better yet, customers talking to technicians who are wearing these contraptions also are more likely to agree to repairs, pushing revenue up 15% to 18%. Says Prosser: "This makes [technicians] want to get involved and to cross this bridge of reluctance" in using a new technology.
Indeed, many more people will want to cross that bridge in the coming years -- making for a booming market for wearable computers that don't look like something out of an old Star Trek episode.
最新型的可穿著電腦產(chǎn)品在外觀方面與普通衣物幾乎沒(méi)有什么兩樣，而售價(jià)的降低和功能的豐富也許會(huì)使它成為未來(lái)人類不可或缺的工具之一。
The latest generation of these ever-smarter garments look like ordinary clothes, assembled together with Velcro that conducts electricity, these pieces form a bag that looks, feels, and weighs like your typical leather purse.
你能否想象一臺(tái)僅僅4英寸大小的電腦？用戶可以方便地隨身攜帶，重量與一件普通的皮夾克差不多。它，就是“可穿著式電腦”。最新型的可穿著電腦產(chǎn)品在外觀方面與普通衣物幾乎沒(méi)有什么兩樣，而售價(jià)的降低和功能的豐富也許會(huì)使它成為未來(lái)人類不可或缺的工具之一。
據(jù)美國(guó)《商業(yè)周刊》3月8日?qǐng)?bào)道，這種“小家伙”可以幫助用戶通過(guò)無(wú)線方式與主人的其他財(cái)物保持聯(lián)系，并隨時(shí)隨地提醒用戶一些生活細(xì)節(jié)。當(dāng)用戶離開房間的時(shí)候，它會(huì)乖巧地提醒主人不要忘記攜帶錢包；在主人出行時(shí)，它會(huì)自動(dòng)查詢天氣預(yù)報(bào)，幫助主人做到未雨綢繆；它甚至還可以在主人穿著的圍脖中加入喜歡的歌曲。
的確，這些高科技的電腦更多情況下只能出現(xiàn)在科幻小說(shuō)的情節(jié)當(dāng)中。不過(guò)，根據(jù)市場(chǎng)調(diào)查機(jī)構(gòu)IDC提供的預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，下一代“可穿著式電腦”產(chǎn)品在未來(lái)幾年中將成為市場(chǎng)上的常見(jiàn)商品。IDC預(yù)測(cè)，這種高科技產(chǎn)品的銷量，包括電腦錢包、電腦手表、電腦T恤，將從去年的26萬(wàn)臺(tái)提高到2008年的139萬(wàn)臺(tái)。
高科技電腦產(chǎn)品的背后都有著堅(jiān)實(shí)的技術(shù)支柱。過(guò)去兩年中，美國(guó)杜邦公司發(fā)明了一種新型的纖維材質(zhì)，名為Aracon。這種材料具有超高強(qiáng)度并可導(dǎo)電，最重要的是，它可以被任意地折疊并制作成衣服。芯片制造商英飛凌（Infineon）公司也開發(fā)了一款專門用于可穿著電腦產(chǎn)品的芯片包，這種芯片包可以在衣物電腦被水洗的過(guò)程中保護(hù)芯片的安全。
與上一代昂貴的可穿著電腦不同，新型產(chǎn)品在售價(jià)方面更加廉價(jià)。IDC預(yù)計(jì)，在未來(lái)兩到三年內(nèi)，可穿著電腦的平均售價(jià)將降至每臺(tái)150美元。這個(gè)價(jià)格已接近普通皮夾克的售價(jià)，為產(chǎn)品的普及奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
目前，這種產(chǎn)品已被應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療服務(wù)領(lǐng)域。美國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)健康產(chǎn)品的Apex公司計(jì)劃在本月晚些時(shí)候，將這種可穿著式電腦應(yīng)用于幫助用戶減肥方面，此款產(chǎn)品可隨時(shí)計(jì)算出用戶所消耗的熱量并科學(xué)地調(diào)節(jié)減肥者的膳食結(jié)構(gòu)；加州一些醫(yī)學(xué)院及制藥公司則將可穿著電腦應(yīng)用于病人實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控方面，以便讓醫(yī)生隨時(shí)觀察病人的心跳、血壓、呼吸等數(shù)據(jù)。
隨著可穿著電腦產(chǎn)品的廣泛應(yīng)用，也許再過(guò)幾年電影《星球大戰(zhàn)》中描述的那種科學(xué)世界將真正來(lái)臨。
Unit 3
合作探究
main ideas
Para 1 the abstract of the proposal
Para 2----7 how ReaICine works;
why RealCine is better than ordinary cinema;
how it can be used in other ways
Para8 conclusion of the proposal
自主演練
A．單項(xiàng)填空
答案及解析：
1、A the European 表類指；a foreign language為泛指
2、C 在like/ love/ hate it when… 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，it可以解釋為形式賓語(yǔ)，但是與我們所熟悉的it作形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不同的是，在它之后沒(méi)有形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
3、A 作blame的賓語(yǔ)，所以都應(yīng)當(dāng)用賓格形式。
4、B 從所提供的情景the more you learn，并結(jié)合所給的選項(xiàng)可以確定這是“the+比較級(jí)+陳述句，the+比較級(jí)+陳述句”的句型，表示“越……越……”。這句話的意思是：我認(rèn)為，教育是關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)的事，你學(xué)得越多，你對(duì)生活準(zhǔn)備得就越充分。
5、A 倍數(shù)詞+as…as意為“是……多少倍”
6、C purpose目的，意圖; desire愿望，請(qǐng)求; attempt嘗試; intention意圖，意向，目的。從題意“他已經(jīng)仔細(xì)準(zhǔn)備了英語(yǔ)考試以確保一次通過(guò)考試”可以看出C是正確答案。
7、D 第一空為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(for eight years)；第二空：在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見(jiàn)過(guò)，正是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，故選 D
8、根據(jù)woke（wake的過(guò)去式）可以判斷，這里談?wù)摰呐c“現(xiàn)在”無(wú)關(guān)，因此可排除B和D兩項(xiàng)�！癐”是在讀書期間睡著的(while reading)，而不是在之前睡著的，所以項(xiàng)也不恰當(dāng)。
9、B 句意：因?yàn)長(zhǎng)ucy失業(yè)了，所以她在考慮重返校園，但她現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有決定。根據(jù)題意說(shuō)話者再說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的情況，因此排除A、C、D三項(xiàng)，B屬現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在的事，進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“考慮”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的“未完成性”，所以是最佳答案。
10、C 句意：北京市市長(zhǎng)說(shuō)所有北京奧林匹克建筑將于2006年完成。此題考查英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)，很顯然本題應(yīng)改用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此排除B、D；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by 2006，應(yīng)選擇將來(lái)完成時(shí)，因此選C
11、C 根據(jù)even since(從那時(shí)，一直到現(xiàn)在），所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除A、B、D項(xiàng)。
12、D 病人被治療，又有時(shí)間this year，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
13、C 整個(gè)句子是基于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，A和D兩項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)顯然不對(duì)。再由句意“Susan決定不在家里，因?yàn)樗幌胱尭改钢浪谧鍪裁础笨芍�沒(méi)有做完，故C項(xiàng)正確，進(jìn)行體有未完成性、暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。
14、B 現(xiàn)在“this open sea”仍然被稱作“the Pacific”，屬于客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
15、C 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。先排除B項(xiàng)，因?yàn)锽項(xiàng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，不可作狀語(yǔ)；A、D兩項(xiàng)為不定式形式放在句首時(shí)常作目的狀語(yǔ)，這顯然與本題邏輯上不符。
16、D 句意：據(jù)說(shuō)Barbara的姐姐在上學(xué)的路上從自行車上摔了下來(lái)，左腿上的很重。首先排除A、C項(xiàng)，因不符合習(xí)慣用法。Hurt為及物動(dòng)詞，故應(yīng)選D這個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
17、C just now 是表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事時(shí)，必須用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+should+過(guò)去分詞”的形式。所以只能在選項(xiàng)B或C中確定答案。mustn’t have eaten是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)椤癿ust+動(dòng)詞”表示“禁止”，不表示判斷或推斷。這句話的意思是：哦，我覺(jué)得胃不舒服，我剛剛不該吃那么多炸雞。
18、D as if 從句所談的情況與實(shí)際情況相反使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
19、B They must have been enjoying themselves there表示對(duì)過(guò)去的確有的把握的推測(cè)，他們一定在那玩的很高興。后面是：否則他們就不會(huì)待那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。wouldn’t have stayed這里表示于過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。
20、B 本題中，just as the name suggests是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，去掉它，重新組合本句：A fast food restaurant is the place where eating is performed quickly.其中eating 是動(dòng)名詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，因此答案只能選B，作狀語(yǔ)。全句意思為：顧名思義，快餐店是一個(gè)就餐快的地方。
B．短文填空
hit, On, atmosphere, remaining, speed, outwards, coast, drowned, lands, set, waves, destroyed, but, escape, hidden, fall, food, alive, space, through
C．詞匯題
1、B. deliver sth to sb/sth 表示遞送；傳遞；交付；運(yùn)載。
2、C. impress sb with sth/sb 使欽佩，給…留下深刻的好印象
3、A announce 表示宣布、宣告（決定、計(jì)劃等）
4、B force sb to do sth 表示強(qiáng)迫某人做某事
5、D extraordinary adj.非常的, 特別的, 非凡的, 特派的
6、B 句意：你是當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)的，關(guān)于這件事，沒(méi)有任何借口。
7、C put forward 意為：提名
8、C put sth on to sb 意為：轉(zhuǎn)交；（用后）遞給，傳給
9、D 句意：我們的地球正在變暖的后果之一就是自然災(zāi)害的數(shù)量的增加。
10、B put one’s heart into 的意思是“專心致志”
11、D 看問(wèn)題至少?gòu)膬蓚�(gè)方面
12、C “醫(yī)生，當(dāng)我深呼吸的時(shí)候，胸口感到疼痛�！北容^四個(gè)詞的詞義：harm損害；wound受傷；hurt 刺痛；injury 受傷。hurt作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，是“疼痛”的意思。
13、D 比較四個(gè)詞的詞義：achievement成就；agreement贊同； attention注意，專心；appreciation感謝，欣賞。根據(jù)句意：對(duì)他的關(guān)懷表示的應(yīng)是“謝意”，故選D
14、C 住在高層建筑的頂層的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一是能看到好的景色。比較四個(gè)詞的詞義：sight風(fēng)景名勝、視力；scene一個(gè)地區(qū)的自然景色或人為的環(huán)境；view多只從山上或向窗外遠(yuǎn)看的景色；look神色、外表。
15、A put sth forward 推遲；句意：根據(jù)校長(zhǎng)的要求，會(huì)議往后推遲了一個(gè)星期。
D．改錯(cuò)題
1.and→but 2.time→times 3.to→for 4.that→those 5.去掉one
6. √ 7.takes→took 8.build前加to 9.had→have 10.what→how
E．單句翻譯
1.Good customs should be passed on one by one generation.
2.His father forced him to give up smoking.
3. The girl who has an extraordinary dancing talent is our monitor.
4. He wanted to impress his employees by paying them extra money.
5. If I have a birthday party, I will announce it to my friends at once.
6. The reason why he didn’t go to school today is that his mother was ill.
7. I'm going to deliver this diamond ring because I know whoever I'm giving to would like it
8. We should put forward an effective way to improve our English study.
9. Everybody should set up an example to the next generation via his own behavior.
10. He guided us from one success to another.
F.書面表達(dá)
Possible version
Dear editor,
I'm a student of Senior Three. I think my parents should buy me a computer now. As we know, computers have been of great use and will be used more and more in our daily life. Beside computers are also helpful in our English learning. There are piles of learning software we can us I don't see anything wrong for us to spend some time playing games. After all, we need something to enjoy ourselves.
One more word, with computers we can get more information and get more knowledge. Don't you agree?
A reader
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.xiqigame.cn/gaosan/76058.html
相關(guān)閱讀：