課堂導(dǎo)學(xué)
文本感知
Ⅰ.My First Ride on a Train?
1.From the passage,we know that Alice Thompson is from ______.?
A.China
B.Afghan?
C.Australia
D.Austria?
2.The sentence “And what a ride!” in the first paragraph means that ______.?
A.the writer enjoyed the long journey?
B.the writer was made too tired from the long ride?
C.that was a long and dangerous journey?
D.he had nothing to see but desert?
3.The train of Ghan can run at about______ kilos per hour.?
A.100
B.85
C.75
D.90?
4.Before 1920s,_ _____.
A.Australians couldn’t travel to the middle of the country?
B.Australians didn’t dare to travel in the endless desert?
C.Australians could only travel to the middle of the country by riding horses?
D.camels played an important part in traveling through the desert?
5.The whole passage mainly tells us______.?
A.the importance of the desert in Australia?
B.horses are of no use in traveling in desert
C.it’s cruel to kill thousands of camels?
D.the transport to the middle of Australia?
答案:?
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.D??
Ⅱ.The Maglev?the Fastest Train in the World?
1.From the first paragraph,we know that it is ______ from Pudong Airport to Longyang station.
A.400 kilometres
B.30 kilometres?
C.133 kilometres
D.240 kilometres?
2.What’s not the advantage of the Maglev train to the passengers??
A.High speed.?
B.Magnetic levitation technology.?
C.Having no rails.?
D.Being quiet.?
3.Why are Zhu Rongji and German Chancellor mentioned in the passage??
A.To show the great value of this kind of train.?
B.To show the thanks to Germans for their help.?
C.To have a trial use of this kind of train.?
D.No special reasons,they both happened to be there.?
4.From this passage,we can conclude that ______.?
A.this kind of trains are only used in Shanghai?
B.Germany is going to introduce magnetic levitation technology?
C.Shanghai takes the lead in developing the Maglev trains in the world?
D.Maglev trains can increase their speed of themselves?
5.From this passage,we know that ______.
A.Maglev trains can run at more than the speed of 501 kilometres per hour?
B.Maglev trains have no noise because they need no tracks?
C.it was vacuum that drives this kind of train forward?
D.this kind of train had been developed bef ore 2002,though not running so fast?
答案:
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A??
難句透視
1.Match the verbs with the means of transport in activity 1.Some of the verbs can refer to more than one means of transport.?
從下列的動詞中找出與活動一中的交通手段相匹配的動詞。有些動詞的意思不僅僅是指一種交通工具。?
剖析：match...with...把……與……相匹配。match在此作動詞,意為“找相似物或相配之物”;means是名詞,單復(fù)數(shù)同形,意為“手段;工具”;transport是不可數(shù)名詞,指“運(yùn)輸,交通”;refer to 意為“指的是”;more than 意指“不僅僅是……”。??
2.We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs,right in the middle of Australia,more than four thousand kilometers away.?
我們在悉尼上車;正好在澳大利亞中部的艾麗斯斯普林斯下車。?
剖析：get on指上(車、船、飛機(jī)等公共交通工具);get off下(車、船、飛機(jī)等公共交通工具);get into指上(非公共交通工具的汽車);get out of下(車)與get into相對應(yīng);in the middle of...在……中間;right在這里是副詞,表示“正好”;more than four thousand kilometers away作后置定語修飾Alice Springs。more than的意思是“超過”。
3.For the first few hundred kilometers of the journey,the scenery was very colourful.
對于前幾千米的旅程來 說,風(fēng)景還是非常多彩的。?
剖析：For the first few hundred kilometres of the journey是介詞短語,for的意思是“對……來說”,起限制范圍的作用;the first few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,意為“前幾個……”,要注意few前面不要加不定冠詞;scenery是不可數(shù)名詞,意為“風(fēng)景”。
4.Suddenly,it looked like a place from another time.
突然間,看起來好像時空發(fā)生了改變。?
剖析：it指籠統(tǒng)的環(huán)境;look like...看起來像……例如:
It looks like rain.
天看起來像是要下雨。?
5.Ghan is short for Afghanistan.?
Ghan 是 Afghanistan (阿富汗)的簡稱。 ?
剖析：be short for是……的縮寫/簡稱。例如:
Jim is short for James.
吉姆是詹姆士的簡稱。 ?
6.Camels were much better than horses for traveling a long distance.?
對于行走很長的路程,駱駝比馬要好得多。?
剖析：much作為程度副詞修飾比較級,常修飾比較級的程度副詞有much,many,a bit,a little,even,yet,still,no,not,far,by far等。a long distance是一個名詞短語,用作狀語。?
7.The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.
直到20世紀(jì)20年代,阿富汗人和他們的駱駝還在做著這樣的工作。 ?
剖析：until意為“直到”可作連詞,亦可作介詞。主句中要用延續(xù)性動詞;如果是瞬間動詞,要把它變成否定形式則可延續(xù)。常用結(jié)構(gòu): not...until...直到……才…… 例如:?
They stayed in Beijing until the end of August.
他們一直待在北京直到八月末。 ?
He didn’t understand what I was talking about until I told him again.
直到我再次告訴他他才明白我說的是什么。
8.I remember the day my father tried to teach me how to ride a bicycle.?
我還記得那一天,我父親盡力教我騎自行車。?
剖析：my father tried to teach me how to ride a bicycle是定語從句,引導(dǎo)詞when在口語中可省略;how to ride屬“疑問詞+to do”句式,在句中可作主語,賓語和表語,相當(dāng)于一個名詞性從句。例如:
When to hold the meeting is unknown.=When we shall hold the meeting is unknown。?
什么時候開會還不知道。?
9.Traveling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour,the train can complete the 30-kilometer journey in eight minutes.
以 400 千米的時速,火車在 8 分鐘內(nèi)就完成了 30 千米的路程。 ?
剖析：Traveling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour是現(xiàn)在分詞短語,作原因狀語,與主語train是主動關(guān)系。at a speed of “以……速度”。再如:?
The car ran at a speed of 50 kilometers an hour.?
那輛車以每小時 50千米的速度行駛。?
per hour 意為“每小時”。30-kilometer是合成形容詞,作定語修飾journey。要注意這樣的合成形容詞多作前置定語。例如:a three-day trip一個三天的旅途,相當(dāng)于a trip of three days。
要點(diǎn)解讀
一、詞匯詳解?
1.refer to 指的是;談到;提到;參考;呈交?
【典型例句】?
This is not the dictionary which I referred to.?
這不是我所指的那本詞典。 ?
Don’t refer to that problem again,please.?
請不要再提那個問題了。 ?
You can’t refer to your book when you are in the exam.?
考試時不能查閱書。 ?
You may refer the matter to him if necessary.?
必要的話你可以把這件事委托給他。 ?
注意:refer的過去式、過去分詞:referred?
現(xiàn)在分詞:referring?
【相關(guān)鏈接】?
refer oneself to依賴,求助于?
refer to sb.（sth.）as稱某人（物）為
單項(xiàng)填空
The novel only ______the causes of the war,but doesn’t do justice to the influence of the terrible killings.
A.refers to?
B.makes up?
C.leaves out?
D.takes on?
提示:句意:這本書只是提到了戰(zhàn)爭的起因,并沒有對戰(zhàn)爭中駭人聽聞的殺戮所帶來的影響說句公道話。refers to 在 此題中意為“提到;談到;涉及到”;makes up構(gòu)成;編造;leaves out 省略;takes on 呈現(xiàn);雇用。
答案:A
2.more than ?
【典型例句】?
Kate was more than a teacher.She also did what she could to take care of her pupils.?
凱特不僅是位教師,她還盡其所能照顧她的學(xué)生。?
More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.?
十多位警察出現(xiàn)在出事地點(diǎn)。?
I was more than surprised to see the lion standing at the body.?
看到那頭獅子站在尸體旁邊,我非常驚訝。?
The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe.?
我難以描述那個山村的美麗。?
He is more a butcher than a doctor.?
他與其說是位醫(yī)生倒不如說是個屠夫。?
【知識小結(jié)】?
(1)more than?
后面跟名詞,意為“不只是,不僅僅是”。?
(2)more than?
與數(shù)詞連用,意思為“多于,大于,超過”。?
(3)more than?
與形容詞和分詞連用,表示“非常、十分”。?
(4)more than?
和含有情態(tài)動詞的句子連用,有否定意義,表示?“是……?難以……”或“超過了……所能”。
(5)more A than B?
與其說是B倒不如說是A?
【相關(guān)鏈接】?
（1)rather t han 而不是?
I think I’ll have a cold drink r ather than coffee.?
我想我該要一杯冷飲,而不要咖啡。?
I decided to write rather than telephone.?
我決定寫信而不是打電話。?
（2)other than 除非;除外；不同于?
You can’t reach the village other than by boat.?
除了坐船外,你到不了這個村莊。
單項(xiàng)填空
(1)Consumers should do ______than simply complain about the poor quality of goods.
A.much less
B.some more?
C.far more
D.far less?
提示:句意:消費(fèi)者不僅僅只是抱怨產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量不好。more than...不僅僅是……,far修飾比較級more。?
答案:C?
(2)More than one ______the people heart and soul.?
A.official has served?
B.officials have served?
C.official has served for ?
D.officials have served for?
提示:“more than one+單數(shù)名詞”后接單數(shù)動詞。?
答案:A?
(3) ?I wonder why Mary is so unfriendly to us.?
?She is ______than unfriendly,I’m afraid.
A.shyer
B.much shyer ?
C.shy more
D.more shy?
提示:more shy than unfriendly與其說是不友好,倒不如說是害羞。?
答案:D?
(4)In no country ______Britain,as has been said,can one experience four seasons in a single day.?
A.rather than?
B.other than?
C.more than?
D.better than?
提示:句意:正如所說,除英國外,沒有一個國家能一天經(jīng)歷四個季節(jié)。?
答案:B
3.distance n.距離?
【典型例句】?
It is a long distance from New York to Hong Kong.?
紐約離香港很遠(yuǎn)。?
They saw a few houses in the distance.?
他們看到遠(yuǎn)處有幾所房子。?
The picture looks better at a distance.?
這幅圖遠(yuǎn)看更佳。?
I would keep my distance from that dog,if I were you!?
我要是你,就離那條狗遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)!?
【知識小結(jié)】?
at (from) a distance 在遠(yuǎn)處?
in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處?
keep one’s distance 保持一定距離
單項(xiàng)填空
(1)Her father advised her to keep ______from that fellow.?
A.away?
B.distance?
C./?
D.out?
提示:keep away from 遠(yuǎn)離;
用distance前要有“her”;
用out后接介詞of。句意:
她父親勸她疏遠(yuǎn)那家伙。?
答案:A
單句改錯
(2)Mount Everest could be seen in a distance.
答案:把in改為at;或把a(bǔ)改為the
4.abandon vt. 丟棄;拋棄,遺棄;放棄;中止?
【典型例句】?
The crew abandoned the burning ship.?
水手們離棄了燃燒中的船。?
The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side.?
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那輛損壞的自行車被扔在河邊。?
He finally abandoned his ideas.?
他終于放棄了自己的想法。?
【相關(guān)鏈接】?
abandoned adj.被遺棄的?
They set up an organization to adopt abandoned children.?
他們建立了一個機(jī)構(gòu)收養(yǎng)被遺棄的孩子。
單項(xiàng)填空
(1)He ______his wife and went away with all their money.?
A.abandoned
B.threw?
C.separated
D.turned?
提示:句意:他拋棄了妻子還帶走了兩人所有的錢。?
答案:A
單句改錯
(2)They put themselves up for the night in the abandoning temple.?
答案:abandoning改為abandoned
5.product n.產(chǎn)品;成果?
【典型例句】?
They came here in search of new markets for their products.?
他們來此為他們的產(chǎn)品尋找新市場。?
Coffee is Brazil’s main product.
咖啡是巴西的主要產(chǎn)品。 ?
This is the product of his labour.
這是他勞動的成果。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
product,produce,production的區(qū)別
（1)product 是可數(shù)名詞。指工業(yè)產(chǎn)品、農(nóng)業(yè)加工品、任何 的腦力勞動所創(chuàng)造的產(chǎn)品。?
（2)produce除了作動詞用表示“生產(chǎn)”之外,也可作不可數(shù)名詞,指一切農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、天然產(chǎn)品。其前不加冠詞,也不用復(fù)數(shù)。?
（3)production為抽象不可數(shù)名詞,指生產(chǎn)的行為、產(chǎn)量。指文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品時可數(shù)。?
Production has increased in the last ten years.?
最近十年產(chǎn)量得到了提高。
選詞填空
product/produce/production
(1)His novel is the ______of ten years of labour.?
(2)The field ______is shipped by train to other parts of the country.?
(3)Some people don’t believe that advertising can increase ______.?
(4)Farm ______are the chief exports of the country.?
(5)This book is one of the writer’s latest ______.?
答案:
(1)product
(2)produce
(3)production
(4)products
(5)productions
6.scenery n.風(fēng)景;景色?
【典型例句】?
The scenery in the mountain is very beautiful.?
山中的風(fēng)景很美。?
【相關(guān)辨析】?
scenery和 scene?
scenery 不可數(shù)名詞,“景色,風(fēng)景”,是自然景色的全稱。?
scene 可數(shù)名詞,“景色,景致”,是某一特定環(huán)境所呈現(xiàn)出來的景色。也有“情景,實(shí)況”的意思。
完成句子
(1)The boats in the harbor make a beautiful ______.
(2)He stopped to appreciate the beautiful ______.
答案：(1)scene
(2)scenery
7.not...any more=no more 不再?
【典型例句】?
I can’t drink the beer any more.?
我不能再喝啤酒了。?
He promised to drink no more.?
他答應(yīng)不再飲酒了。?
=He promised not to drink any more.?
I have no more money to give you.?
我沒有更多的錢給你。?
【知識小結(jié)】?
no more要放在一起使用,可用在句中也可在句末。?
not...any more中的any more要放在句末。?
【相關(guān)鏈接】?
no longer，no more，not any longer，not any more的區(qū)別?
（1)no more一般位于句末或句首,而no longer則可用于實(shí)義動詞之前,助動詞或連系動詞之后,或者位于句尾。
He still smoked,but he drank no more.?
他還在吸煙,但不再喝酒了。?
They are no longer staying with us.?
他們不再跟我們住在一起。?
（2)no more＝not...any more,no longer = not...any longer。no more/longer 是正式用法,not...any more/longer 比較自然。?
I do not see him any more/any longer.?
我不能再看到他了。?
I did not feel sick any more.?我不再感到惡心了。?
(3)no more (not...any more) 強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量和程度,表示動作不再重復(fù),一般指把現(xiàn)在的情況與將來對比,即“現(xiàn)在如何如何,將來不再這樣(now,but not in the future)”;
no longer(not...any longer) 強(qiáng)調(diào)時間,表示動作不再延緩,一般是現(xiàn)在的情況同過去對比,即“過去如何如何,現(xiàn)在不再這樣(once,but not now)”。
She is not a child any longer.= She is no longer a child.?
她再也不是個孩子了。
I won’t do such stupid things any more.= I’ll do such stupid things no more.?
我(今后)再也不干這種蠢事了。
單項(xiàng)填空
(1)We have grown up.We are not children ______.?
A.no longer
B.more longer ?
C.any longer
D.even longer?
提示:句意:我們已長大了,不再是孩子了。用no longer強(qiáng)調(diào)與過去對比。?
答案:C?
(2)?Excuse me,is this Mr Brown’s office?
?I’m sorry,but Mr Brown ______worked here.He left about three weeks ago.?
A.not now
B.no more ?
C.not still
D.no longer ?
提示:no longer修飾延續(xù)性動詞,如teach,live,work等,表示動作不再延續(xù);no more修飾非延續(xù)性動詞,如come,go,make (the same mistake)等,表示動作不再次發(fā)生。?
答案:D?
(3)As the saying goes,lost time will return ______.
A.no longer
B.no more?
C.not any longer
D.not any more?
提示:return為終止性動詞，用no more修飾。C和D項(xiàng)中的not要與will構(gòu)成won’t。句意:正如俗話所說,失去的時光不再回來。?
答案:B?
(4)If you delay paying us again,you’ll have ______supplies of vegetables and meat.?
A.no more?
B.no longer?
C.not any more?
D.not any longer?
提示:句意:如果你再拖延付款,你就不會再得到蔬菜和肉類的供應(yīng)了。no more可作定語修飾名詞,而no longer則不能。?
答案:A
8.journey n.旅程?
【典型例句】?
It’s a three days’ journey on horseback from here to there.?
從這兒到那兒騎馬得走三天。?
【知識小結(jié)】?
journey,trip,travel,voyage的辨析：?
journey常指遠(yuǎn)距離的陸地旅行?
trip常指短距離的旅行,遠(yuǎn)足?
travel常指長距離的旅行或國外旅行?
voyage常指海上或空中的旅行
單項(xiàng)填空
(1)He came home after years of ______.?
A.trip
B.travel?
C.journey
D.voyage?
答案:B
(2)He loves sea and he dreams of going on a ______ around the world.?
A.trip?
B.travel?
C.journey?
D.voyage?
答案:D
9.shoot vt.(shot,shot)射殺?
【典型例句】?
The policeman shot the robber in the leg.?
警察開槍打中了強(qiáng)盜的腿。 ?
His dog was shot dead by the man.?
他的狗被那個人打死了。 ?
【相關(guān)鏈接】?
shoot和shoot at的區(qū)別?
shoot 指打死某人某物;?
shoot at 指向某人某物瞄準(zhǔn)射擊,但不一定射中 ?
Tom shot at the strange dog but shot his own.?
湯姆向那只陌生的狗射擊,但卻把自己的(狗)打死了。
單項(xiàng)填空
(1)?The eagle is dead.Who ______it?
?We all ______it just now.So it’s hard to tell who did it.?
A.shot at;shot______
B.shot;shot ?
C.shot;shot at
D.shot at;shot at ?
提示:句意:“那只鷹死了。是誰打死的？”“我們剛才都向它射擊了,所以很難辨清是誰打死的。”
答案:C?
單句改錯
(2)He shot the bi rd,but missed.
答案:在shoot后面加at
10.out of date 過時?
【典型例句】?
Your idea has gone out of date.?
你的觀念已經(jīng)過時了。?
Will deni m jeans ever go out of date??
粗布牛仔褲會過時嗎??
【相關(guān)鏈接】?
up to date 時興的,新式的?
All the data are up to date.?
所有的數(shù)據(jù)都是最新的。
單項(xiàng)填空
This site is ______and has been taken down.?
A.out of fashion
B.out of time?
C.out of date
D.up to date?
提示:句意:這個網(wǎng)站已過時,被取消了。out of fashion指時尚;而此處是指網(wǎng)站已過時。?
答案:C?
11.frighten vt.使吃驚;驚嚇?
【典型例句】?
The ghost story frightened the child.?
這個鬼怪故事使孩子十分驚恐。?
He was frightened out of his wits.
他嚇呆了。?
【知識小結(jié)】?
frighten其現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可作形容詞用。用作表語、定語和補(bǔ)語等,注意它和邏輯主語的關(guān)系。?
frightening adj.令人恐懼的?
frightened adj.感到驚恐的
單項(xiàng)填空
Look at his ______look.It seems______ as if he had met a tiger.?
A.frightened;frightening?
B.frightening;frightened ?
C.frightened;frightened?
D.frightening;frightening?
提示:句意:從他恐懼的神情看,情況似乎令人驚嚇,好像是他遇到了老虎。?
答案:A
12.event n.事件;運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目?
【典型例句】?
Winning the scholarship was a great event in the boy’s life.?
贏得這項(xiàng)獎學(xué)金是這個男孩一生中的一件大事。?
The first day at school is a big event in a child’s life.?
第一天上學(xué)在孩子的一生中是件大事。 ?
He entered for field and track events.?
他參加了田徑賽。 ?
【相關(guān)鏈接】?
event,incident,accident和affair的區(qū)別?
event特別指事件,大事;比賽項(xiàng)目?
The new book was the cultural event of the year.?
這本新書的出版是今年文化界的大事。?
incident事情,小事件;事變,突發(fā)事件?
Were there any exciting incidents during your journey?
你們在旅行中有沒有什么令人激動的事情？?
accident意外之事(尤指災(zāi)難)?
His leg was broken in a bad accident last year.?
他的腿在去年一次惡性事故中斷了。?
affair事務(wù),事件,私事?
The new minister is in charge of foreign affairs.?
新任部長暫時負(fù)責(zé)外國事務(wù)。
單項(xiàng)填空
(1)Mr.Smith came to China not to go sightseeing but to see some personal______.?
A.events
B.affairs ?
C.incidents
D.accidents?
提示:event指大事或比賽項(xiàng)目;incident小事件或突發(fā)事件;accident指惡性事件。personal affairs指私人事件。
答案:B?
(2)Recently CCTV station has taken great ______to make a program that reviews the important______
of the past 20 years.?
A.steps;affairs
B.efforts;matters?
C.pains;events
D.efforts;incidents?
提示:句意:最近中央電視臺不辭辛苦地做了一個節(jié)目對近20年的重大事件進(jìn)行回顧。take pains to do
不辭辛苦做某事。steps構(gòu)成take steps采取措施;efforts構(gòu)成make efforts to do努力做某事。
答案:C
13.exhaust vt.使得筋疲力盡;用完;耗盡?
【典型例句】?
My father is completely ?exhausted?.
我父親精疲力竭。?
The marathon talks exhausted him completely.?
馬拉松式的談判使他精疲力竭。?
He has exhausted his supply of water.?
他已耗盡了全部供水。?
【相關(guān)鏈接】?
exhausted adj.疲憊不堪的?
We were exhausted by the climb up the hill.?
我們因爬上那座小山而精疲力竭。 ?
exhausting adj.令人疲憊的
This is really a exhausting journey.
這真是一個累人的旅途。
單項(xiàng)填空
After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home,______.?
A.exhausting?
B.exhausted?
C.being exhausted?
D.having exhausted?
提示:exhaust是一個使（人和動物）感到疲倦的動詞,意為“使筋疲力盡”。exhausted表示“感到疲憊的”;exhausting“令人疲憊的”。?
答案:B
二、句型剖析?
1.疑問詞+do you think+主語+謂語?
【典型例句】?
When do you think the meeting will be held??
你認(rèn)為會議什么時候舉行？?
How far do you imagine it is from here??
你認(rèn)為那兒離這兒有多遠(yuǎn)？?
Where do you suggest we go for our holiday??
你建議我們?nèi)ツ睦锒燃伲?
【知識小結(jié)】?
上面的句式叫做雙重疑問句,在這個句式中,由于插入的一般疑問句部分已經(jīng)采用了疑問語序,故它后面的部分須用正常語序。?
【相關(guān)鏈接】?
雙重疑問句中的疑問詞如果是主語,則要構(gòu)成:疑問詞+do you think/beli eve/suppose/suggest...+
謂語...句式。例如:
Who do you think will get the prize??
你認(rèn)為誰將得到這個獎勵？?
What do you suggest be done next??
你建議下一步做什么？
單項(xiàng)填空
(1)?How do you ______we go to Beijing for our holidays??
?I think we’d better fly there.It’s much more comfortable.?
A.insist
B.want?
C.suppose
D.suggest?
提示:能作插入語的有C和D兩項(xiàng),而只有D項(xiàng)要求謂語動詞用should+v.（should 可省略),所以D 為正確答案。
答案:D?
(2)Why do you think ______cut down the big tree??
A.we can’t?
B.can’t we?
C.that we can’t?
D.that can’t we?
提示:句意:你認(rèn)為我們?yōu)槭裁床荒馨堰@棵大樹砍倒？如果去掉do you think,句序是Why can’t we cut down the big tree??
答案:A
2.What和How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句?
【典型例句】?
What a tall man Yao Ming is!姚明真高��！ ?
What beautiful flowers （they are）!?
它們是多么漂亮的花啊！ ?
What fun it is to travel around China!?
環(huán)游中國是多么(令人)開心的事�。� ?
How clever the boy is!
那個男孩是多么聰明啊！ ?
How fast Liu Xiang runs!
劉翔跑得真快啊！ ?
How time flies!時間過得真快�。� ?
【知識小結(jié)】?
how 和 what 引導(dǎo)感嘆句的常見句式有: ?
What +a/an +(形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)( + 其他)！ ?
What +(形容詞) +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+(其他)！ ?
How +形容詞/副詞+ a/an + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+(其他)！ ?
How +形容詞/副詞(+ 主語 + 謂語動詞 )！ ?
How +主語+謂語！
漢澤英
(1)它是一本多么有趣的書啊！(用兩種方式翻譯) ?
What __________________________________
How __________________________________
(2)多好的天氣�。� ?
__________________________________
(3)我們的老師工作多么努力啊！ ?
__________________________________
(4)他是多么熱愛自己的祖國啊！ ?
__________________________________
答案:?
(1)What an interesting book it is!How interesting a book it is!?
(2) What fine weather it is!?
(3) How hard our teachers work./our teacher works!?
(4) How he loves his country!
三、語法詳解?
一、動詞的過去分詞?
過去分詞是動詞的另一種非限定形式。從性質(zhì)上它相當(dāng)于形容詞和副詞,在句子中可以作表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)和狀語。?
(1)本模塊主要學(xué)習(xí)過去分詞作定語的用法。過去分詞作定語時,它和它所修飾的詞之間是一種被動或完成的關(guān)系。?
a fallen tree 一棵倒下的樹?
trained camels 受過訓(xùn)練的駱駝?
a book written by Lu Xun魯迅寫的一本書?
(2)單個的過去分詞作定語放在它所修飾的詞之前,分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的詞之后。?
a polluted river 一條被污染的河流?
meals cooked by experts 烹飪大師做的飯菜?
(3)過去分詞作定語意思上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。?
Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city center.
=Buses which are numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city center.?
標(biāo)號為1~100的公交車只能在市中心運(yùn)行。??
二、一般過去時?
（1）一般過去時主要表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。?
Their children often went hungry in the old days.?
在舊社會,他們的孩子經(jīng)常挨餓。?
（2）與一般過去時連用的時間狀語?
①可以用一些表達(dá)過去時間的時間狀語表達(dá),如：a minute ago,last year,yesterday,in 1992,during the night,in those days,at midnight 等。例如：?
John was here two minutes ago.?
兩分鐘前約翰在這兒。?
②可以用一些表達(dá)過去意義的時間狀語從句來表達(dá)。例如：?
When his mother died,he was only five years old.?
他母親死的時候他才五歲。 ?
Though he was in his early twenties,he cooked dinner himself.?
雖然他才剛二十出頭,但他不得不自己養(yǎng)活自己。 ?
③可以用一些表達(dá)“現(xiàn)在意義”的時間狀語來表達(dá),但它并不把這一“現(xiàn)在時間”包括在內(nèi)。例如：?
Did you see him today??
今天你見過他么？?
He went to Japan this year.?
今年他去了日本。?
④有時候句中沒有時間狀語,但實(shí)際上是過去發(fā)生的,應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去時。這是近幾年的熱點(diǎn)。例如：?
I didn’t know you were also invited to the party.?
我不知道你也被邀請參加晚會了。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知?道了）??
I didn’t expect to meet you here.?
沒想到在這兒碰見你。
單項(xiàng)填空
(1)The dam ______on the Yangtze River has provided enough energy to the cent ral part of China.
A.being built______
B.building?
C.built
D.to be built?
提示：本題考查的是過去分詞作定語的用法。A項(xiàng)表示正在被修建；B項(xiàng)表示主動關(guān)系,大壩應(yīng)該是被修建；D 項(xiàng)表示將要被修建。只有B項(xiàng)表示已經(jīng)在長江上建成的大壩。?
答案：C?
(2)A television programme ______“Kim’ll fix it” invites viewers to say what they really want to do.
A.being called
B.having called?
C.calling
D.called?
提示:此題考查分詞作定語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,空格處應(yīng)是定語,修飾前面的programme,表達(dá)被動關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)雖是被動形式,但它表示“進(jìn)行”,B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)表示“主動”。句意是:一個叫做“Kim’ll fix it”的電視節(jié)目邀請觀眾說出他們真正想做的事情。
答案:D?
(3)The discussion ______alive when an interesting topic was brought in.?
A.was coming
B.had come?
C.has come
D.came?
提示:come 此處用作連系動詞,意為“變得”,用一般過去時態(tài)。?
答案:D?
(4)All the morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness______.?
A.has grown
B.is growing?
C.grew
D.had grown?
提示：本題主要考查在特定的語境中判斷使用基本時態(tài)的能力。時態(tài)的選用取決于題干的句意內(nèi)容,從中找到時間的參照點(diǎn),而后確定是用哪種時態(tài)。本題中講述的是過去一上午的事情,與過去有關(guān),排除A和B項(xiàng),本題“中等”和“增長”這兩個動作無先后關(guān)系,因此不能用D項(xiàng),所以C項(xiàng)正確。?
答案：C
(5)My attention wasn’t on what my head teacher was saying so I am afraid I ______half of it.
A.was missing
B.had missed?
C.will miss
D.missed?
提示：前半句提到注意力不集中,因此有一半內(nèi)容聽漏了,這都是發(fā)生在過去的事情,故用一般過去時。
答案：D
課文回顧
下面的一段文章為課文原文的濃縮,仔細(xì)閱讀,根據(jù)原文章內(nèi)容將其補(bǔ)充完整,并盡量背誦。
I was an 18-year old girl from Sydney.Recently I had my first ______on the famous Ghan train.I sp ent two days on the train and we ate great meals ______by experts.The ______was colorful,but suddenly we saw ______farms ______more than a hundred years ago.It ______a place from another time.?
Ghan ______ Afghanistan.There is a story about it.A long time ago,Australians needed a way ______ to the middle of the country,at first,they ______ horses,then they brought some ______from Afghanistan.Camels were ______for traveling a long distance.The ______camels were used to carry food and other supplies.Not until the 1920s ______the government build a railway line and they didn’t use camel any more.So there were so many camels that they became a problem.Then the government ______which ______people to shoot the camels.
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