一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)和要求
1. 學(xué)習(xí)和掌握以下單詞和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)
1) 單詞
literature; Leonardo da Vinci; Pablo Picasso; romantic; comedy; exhibition; local; magic; power; trick; wonder; series; scar; forehead; Hogwarts; witchcraft; wizard; wizardry; miserable; treat; unhappy; goodness; habit; villager; shoulder; whisper; chamber; charm; stupid; password; sesame; compare; announcement; checklist
2) 習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)
a series of; in trouble; come across; believe in; turn abound
2. 功能意念項(xiàng)目
學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)談?wù)撐膶W(xué)藝術(shù)。
3. 語(yǔ)法
1）復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)過(guò)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法；
2）復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。
4. 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用
運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言,圍繞文學(xué)藝術(shù)這一題材,完成教科書(shū)和練習(xí)冊(cè)中規(guī)定的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、寫(xiě)的任務(wù);閱讀課文 “Art and literature”,確切理解并完成有關(guān)課文內(nèi)容和練習(xí)；練習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)一張海報(bào)。
二、學(xué) 習(xí) 指 導(dǎo)
1. 單詞和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的用法
1）power n. 能力；力量；權(quán)力
例: Carrying this baggage requires a lot of power. 搬運(yùn)這個(gè)行李要很大的力氣。
This parrot has the power to imitate human words. 這只鸚鵡有模仿人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言的能力。
The dictator held absolute power over his people. 那獨(dú)裁者握有對(duì)人民的絕對(duì)權(quán)力。
come to/into power 掌握政權(quán)；得勢(shì)
He came to power in 1987. 他1987年掌權(quán)。
2）trick n. 詭計(jì)；竅門(mén)；惡作劇
例：Her tears were just a trick to deceive others. 她的眼淚只是欺騙別人的詭計(jì)。
I haven’t got the trick of driving this car yet. 我還不曉得開(kāi)這部車(chē)的訣竅。
Our children used to play tricks on us. 我們的小孩以前常常捉弄我們。
play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
Trick or treat! 不請(qǐng)吃糖，就惡作�。。ㄈf(wàn)圣節(jié)孩子用語(yǔ)）
3）treat vt. 對(duì)待；視為；治療；款待
例：They treated us with all respect. 他們鄭重其事地接待我們。
You should treat your textbooks with more care. 你使用教科書(shū)要更加細(xì)心。
They treated him with a new drug. 他們用新藥醫(yī)治他的病。
He treated her for a broken arm. 他為她醫(yī)治那條骨折的手臂。
It’s my turn to treat you tonight. 今晚輪到我請(qǐng)客。
She treated me to lunch. 她請(qǐng)我吃午飯。
treat… as … 把……當(dāng)作……看待
My mother treated my proposal as a joke. 母親把我的提議當(dāng)玩笑看待。
We treated this matter as one of importance. 我們把此事視為重要問(wèn)題。
類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)還有：look upon … as …; regard … as …; consider … as …; think of … as … 等等。
4) in trouble 處于困境中；在監(jiān)禁中
例：She is in great trouble, so she needs your advice. 她遇到了很大的困難，所以需要你的忠告。
He was in trouble with the Customs. 他在海關(guān)那里有了麻煩。
ask/look for trouble 自討苦吃；自找麻煩
get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境
put sb. to trouble 給某人增添麻煩
take the trouble to do 費(fèi)神做；不辭勞苦地做
5）come across/upon 偶然遇到；碰上
例：We've just come across an old friend we haven't seen for ages.
我們剛碰到了一位多年不見(jiàn)的老朋友。
含義基本相同的短語(yǔ)還有：ran into/across; meet（up）with
例：I ran across an old friend in the street. 我在街上碰到一位老朋友。
His car ran into the post.他的車(chē)撞到柱子上。
I met with an traffic accident.我遭遇到車(chē)禍。
I met up with an old classmate in the crowd. 我在人群中偶然遇到了一個(gè)老同學(xué)。
The President is to meet with the press this afternoon.總統(tǒng)預(yù)定今天下午會(huì)見(jiàn)記者。
6）believe in 和 believe
believe in 表示因可靠、有能力、品德好等原因而“信任”某人，屬總的評(píng)價(jià)，常跟簡(jiǎn)單賓語(yǔ)，偶爾跟含動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ); 而believe 表示相信某人某時(shí)某地所說(shuō)的話(huà)，并不涉及對(duì)其總的評(píng)價(jià)，含有信以為真的意味。
例：I believe him. 我相信（他說(shuō)的話(huà)）。
They believe him to have done it. 他們相信他做了這件事。
I believe him an honest student. 我相信他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的學(xué)生。
I believe in him. 我信任他。
I don’t believe in the theory. 我不相信這套理論。
7）habit n. 習(xí)慣；習(xí)性
例：It is his habit to jog before breakfast. 他習(xí)慣在早餐前慢跑。
She has a habit of playing with her hair while reading. 她在閱讀時(shí)有玩弄頭發(fā)的癖好。
be in the habit of doing sth. = have a/the habit of doing sth.
She is in the habit of listening to music while studying. 她有邊讀書(shū)邊聽(tīng)音樂(lè)的習(xí)慣。
fall/get into the habit of doing sth. = form the habit of doing sth.養(yǎng)成做……的習(xí)慣
get out of the habit of doing sth. 改掉做……的習(xí)慣
He got out of the habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸煙的習(xí)慣。
8）compare v.比較；相比；比喻
compare…with… 把……和……相比較；compare…to…把……比喻成……；
例：compare one thing with another 將一物與另一物比較
Walking can't compare with flying. 走路比不上飛行。
Living in a town can't compare with living in the country in many respects.
在許多方面城市生活比不上在鄉(xiāng)村生活。
Man's life is often compared to a candle. 人生常被喻為蠟燭。
The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.
詩(shī)人在他詩(shī)歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。
compare常指為了找出兩種事物或現(xiàn)象的異同點(diǎn)而進(jìn)行比較， 如：If you compare Marx's works with Hegel's, you'll find many differences. 如果你把馬克思的著作同黑格爾的著作相比較， 就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)許多不同之處。
contrast 指兩者之間的“對(duì)照”、“對(duì)比”， 著重指“通過(guò)兩種事物或現(xiàn)象的對(duì)比， 突出地指出它們的不同”， 如：contrast farm life with city life 對(duì)照一下城鄉(xiāng)生活。
2. 語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)
1）It is a world of magic and wonders, a world where anything can happen. 這是一個(gè)存在著魔法和奇跡的世界，是一個(gè)任何事情都可能發(fā)生的世界。
本句中 “a world where anything can happen” 做同位語(yǔ)，而本身又包含一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。下文中的 “a boy with a scar on his forehead and a secret past” 也是同位語(yǔ)。
2）…，but they can still be friends if they share the same goals, hopes and dreams. 但是如果他們有著同樣的目標(biāo)、愿望和同樣的夢(mèng)想他們?nèi)匀豢梢猿蔀榕笥选?br>share (in) sth. 分享
share sth. with/between/among sb. （和某人）共同分享
We shared the sweets. 我們分吃了糖果。
They share their joys and sorrows. 他們同甘共苦。
Bill and Bob shared the work equally between them. 比爾和鮑勃兩人把工作平分了。
3）The lady in the picture had such strange eyes that it was almost as if the woman in the picture was watching them. 畫(huà)中女人的眼睛非常奇怪，就好像在窺視他們一樣。
as if = as though 似乎是，好像是
例：She always talked to me as if/though she was my sister. 她總是以我妹妹的口氣和我說(shuō)話(huà)。
He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他慢慢地走，好像腿受傷的樣子。
She looks as if she is going to cry. 她看起來(lái)似乎要哭了。
It looks as if we will be late. 看起來(lái)我們似乎會(huì)遲到。
4）…，and that not all of them were safe. 他們不是所有的人都安全。
這是一個(gè)部分否定句。這里我們也可以說(shuō) “all of them were not safe”。
再如：Not all of us are students. 我們不都是學(xué)生。
＝ All of us are not students.
完全否定應(yīng)該是 none of 。
None of them were safe. 他們都不安全。
None of us are students. 我們都不是學(xué)生。
5）He was about to say something when Helen turned around. 他正要說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候，海倫轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)。
be about to do sth. when … 正要做……，（突然）……
例：I was about to jump into the river for a swim when the guide shouted at me. 我正要跳下河游泳的時(shí)候向?qū)蛭掖蠛捌饋?lái)。
6）We need a password to get through the wall. 我們需要咒語(yǔ)穿過(guò)這堵墻。
get through 到達(dá)；做完；通過(guò)；度過(guò)；打通
例：The road ahead is narrow, so a truck can’t get through (it). 前面的路很窄，所以卡車(chē)沒(méi)有辦法通過(guò)。
How long does it take you to get through a letter? 你寫(xiě)一封信要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？
I called all day yesterday, but I couldn’t get through to you. 昨天我打了一天電話(huà)，但是沒(méi)有辦法聯(lián)絡(luò)到你。
7）She did not have time to finish before the wall started moving and a hole open up below the picture. 還沒(méi)等她說(shuō)完，墻開(kāi)始移動(dòng)，在畫(huà)的下面露出一個(gè)洞口。
open up 展開(kāi), 打開(kāi)；開(kāi)發(fā)；揭露；開(kāi)始
例：Coughing like that might open up your wound. 你那樣咳嗽會(huì)把傷口震開(kāi)。
New mines are opening up. 新礦正在開(kāi)發(fā)。
He never opens up his shop on a Sunday. 星期天他的商店從不營(yíng)業(yè)。
Open up the package. 打開(kāi)這個(gè)包裹。
3. 語(yǔ)法說(shuō)明：
1） 定語(yǔ)從句
（1） 定語(yǔ)從句是中學(xué)階段英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中十分重要的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。它在句子中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高。對(duì)正確理解句子的意義起著舉足輕重的作用。
定語(yǔ)從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞后面，所以如果在名詞或代詞后面出現(xiàn)一個(gè)從句，就要根據(jù)它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)判斷是否是定語(yǔ)從句。
被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“先行詞”。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫“關(guān)系詞”。關(guān)系詞有兩個(gè)作用：
�、� 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
�、� 代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。
理解和牢記這兩條概念，弄清楚關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)什么成分，是掌握定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。
正確選擇關(guān)系詞是掌握定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)系詞的選擇完全取決于先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)氖裁闯煞�。關(guān)系詞一共有九個(gè)，它們?cè)趶木渲兴洚?dāng)?shù)木渥映煞忠?jiàn)下表。
關(guān)系詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)
That人/物/物√×√
Which物物××√
Who人××××
Whom×人×××
Whose×××人/物×
When××××√
Where××××√
Why××××√
在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。
例：There is still one thing which/that is not explained.（主語(yǔ)）
This is the boy who came yesterday. （主語(yǔ)）
This is the picture (which/that) he gave me. （賓語(yǔ)）
The car which was following us seems to have disappeared. （主語(yǔ)）
The woman whose daughter you met is Mrs. Brown. （定語(yǔ)）
This is the boy (whom) we met last night. （賓語(yǔ)）
屋頂被毀壞的房子已經(jīng)被修好。
┏ whose roof
The house ┣ the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired.
┗ of which the roof
那就是他工作的大學(xué)。
┏ at which he works.
┣ which he works at.
That is the college ┣ where he works.
┣ that he works at.
┗ he works at.
他出生的那一天是1952年8月20日。
┏ on which he was born
┣ which he was born on
The day┣ when he was born was Aug.20,1952.
┣ that he was born on
┗ he was born on
他被解雇的原因不難解釋。
┏ why he
The reason ┣ that he was dismissed is not difficult to explain.
┗ he
你提到的那個(gè)人時(shí)瓊的爸爸。
┏ of whom you spoke
The man ┣ whom you spoke of is Joan’s father.
┣ that you spoke of
┗ you spoke of
（2）只用關(guān)系代詞that 的情況：
① 先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系代詞that;
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
② 先行詞前有the first, the last, the only, the same, the very以及any, few, much, some, no等修飾時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系代詞that;
You are the very boy (that) I want.
This is the last chance (that) you have. 這是你最后一次機(jī)會(huì)。
He is the last person (that) I want to see. 他是我最不想見(jiàn)的人。
Please send us any information (that) you have about the subject.
③ 先行詞是much, little, none, all, any, no, everything, anything, nothing,等不定代詞，通常用關(guān)系代詞that;
This is all (that) I know.
There is nothing in the world that can frighten him.
④ 先行詞由“人＋物”構(gòu)成時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系代詞that;
Look at the boy and his sheep that are coming down the hill.
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
⑤ 當(dāng)主句中有who, which時(shí)，而定語(yǔ)從句中也要用到who或which時(shí)，為了避免who…who, which…which等重疊，定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。
Who is the man that is standing by the door?
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?
（3）限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句
限定性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有從句不影響主句的意思完整。一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)。不用關(guān)系代詞that。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)可以代表整個(gè)主句的含義，在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。
例：The man who was driving the car was drunk. 開(kāi)車(chē)的那人喝醉了。
This is the place where the three roads meet. 這是三條路交匯的地方。
The house whose windows are broken is Mr. Smith’s. 窗戶(hù)破損的房子是史密斯先生的。
I have two sisters, who are both students. 我有兩個(gè)妹妹，她們都是學(xué)生。
I have lost the pen, which I like very much. 我弄丟了那支鋼筆，是我非常喜歡的那支。
Tom broke his eyeglasses, which made his mother quite angry. 湯姆打碎了自己的眼鏡，這使他媽媽非常生氣。（關(guān)系代詞which代表湯姆打碎眼鏡這件事）
（4）as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
① as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成the same…as…, such…as…等結(jié)構(gòu)。
例：I like the same book as you do. (as作賓語(yǔ))
I shall do it in the same way as you did. (as作狀語(yǔ))
I want to have such a dictionary as he has. (as作賓語(yǔ))
② as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句是說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子，它可以放在主句之前。
例：As we all know, he studies very hard. (as作賓語(yǔ))
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (作主語(yǔ))
常用的這種類(lèi)似插入語(yǔ)的句式有as is said above, as is known to all, as it is等。
注意：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致；關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而as則可以；在句中時(shí)，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which沒(méi)有。
（5）其它注意事項(xiàng)：
① 在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)的who, which 或that后的動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)先行詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)來(lái)確定；
I want a girl who knows English.
I want three girls who know English.
He is one of the greatest men that are known to everyone.
He is the only one of the students who has been to Canada.
② 關(guān)系代詞做介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可置于whom 或which的前面或句末，但關(guān)系代詞that不可直接放在介詞之后做賓語(yǔ)；
Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
= Is this the car which you paid a high price for?
= Is this the car that you paid a high price for?
= Is this the car you paid a high price for?
③ 關(guān)系副詞 ＝ 介詞＋which(關(guān)系代詞)
where = in/at which when = at/in which why = for which
I can still remember the sitting-room where/in which my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
但為表意清楚，在關(guān)系副詞where/when前可加介詞from 或 to等。
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
④ that可代替關(guān)系副詞when, why等，或省略。
┏ in which he
I am quite satisfied with the way ┣ that he has done it.
┗ he
2) 動(dòng)詞不定式
(1) 構(gòu)成與特征
動(dòng)詞不定式事動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式，由“to + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用，同時(shí)也保留動(dòng)詞的一些特征，可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。
例：He tried to work out the problem in five minutes. 他試圖在五分鐘之內(nèi)算出這道題。（帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)）
(2) 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
不定式的時(shí)態(tài)：
①不定式的一般式：不定式的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作式同時(shí)發(fā)生的或是在其后發(fā)生的；
例：I saw him go out. 我看見(jiàn)他出去了。
Thousands of young people are learning to ski. 數(shù)以千計(jì)的年輕人在學(xué)習(xí)滑雪。
②不定式的進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)的，而且正在進(jìn)行著；
例：I am very glad to be working with you. 我非常高興能和你一起工作。
③不定式的完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。
例：I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。
不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)：
當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。
例：He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他請(qǐng)求被派往農(nóng)村工作。
It is possible for our hopes to be realized. 我們的希望有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。
注意： 不定式在句中用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式，多數(shù)情況下時(shí)容易判斷的，但有時(shí)的確比較復(fù)雜，請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成了邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式；
例：Do you have got a key to unlock the door? 你有開(kāi)門(mén)的鑰匙嗎？
不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成了邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式；
例：I have got a letter to write. 我又封信要寫(xiě)。
He needs a room to live in. 他需要一個(gè)房間。
不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成了邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式用被動(dòng)形式；
例：The doctor recommended him to air the room. 醫(yī)生建議他讓房間透透氣。
The doctor recommended the room to be aired.
不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞（easy, difficult, hard, fit等）的狀語(yǔ)，和句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式，可以看成時(shí)省略了動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)for us, for me, for you 等；
例：This book is difficult to read. 這本書(shū)很難讀懂。
The food was not fit (for me) to eat. 這食物不能吃。
The path is easy to find. 這路很容易找到。
The film is great fun (=interesting) (for us) to see. 這部電影真有趣。
(3) 功能
①作主語(yǔ)
例：To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往由it代替它作形式主語(yǔ)，不定式移至謂語(yǔ)之后。
例：It is right to give up smoking. 戒煙是正確的。
②作表語(yǔ)
例：The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required. 下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。
My job is to help the patient. 我的工作是幫助病人。
They are to marry next week. （表示安排）他們下周結(jié)婚。
③作賓語(yǔ)
例：He wanted to go with us. 他想跟我們一起去。
feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等動(dòng)詞后如果是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是形容詞(間或是名詞)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把不定式后移。
例：I find it difficult to work with him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)和他一起共事很難。
I thought it a great pity not to have invited her. 我認(rèn)為沒(méi)有邀請(qǐng)她是很大的遺憾。
下列動(dòng)詞常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)：
agree, refuse, offer, promise, choose, decide, attempt, intend, manage, fail, ask, hope, want, expect, wish, desire, plan, prepare, learn, pretend等等。
④作賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)
例：He asked me to do the work with him. 他讓我和他一起做這項(xiàng)工作。
在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to。但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to.
例：I often hear him sing the song. 我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到他唱歌。
He is often heard to sing the song.
⑤作定語(yǔ)
例：I have some books for you to read. 我有些書(shū)給你讀。
動(dòng)詞不定式與其修飾的詞之間往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。
例：He is a pleasant fellow to work with. 他是個(gè)很好共事的人。
She bought a bookshelf to put her books on. 她買(mǎi)了一個(gè)書(shū)架放書(shū)。
There is nothing to worry about. 沒(méi)有什么好擔(dān)心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with. 請(qǐng)給我一把刀。
當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，當(dāng)其含義有所不同。
試比較：Do you have anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you）
Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else）
the first, the second, the last, the best等常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。
例：He is always the first to answer questions in class. 他總是第一個(gè)在課堂上回答問(wèn)題。
He would be the last to agree to the plan. 他決不會(huì)同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
⑥作狀語(yǔ)
不定式作狀語(yǔ)的情況很多，可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因或條件等。
例：I came here to see you .(表目的) 我來(lái)這是為了看你。
We shall be very happy to cooperate with you in the project. （表原因）在此項(xiàng)目中與你們合作，我們非常高興。
He hurried to the school to find nobody there. (表結(jié)果) 他匆忙地趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)人在那。
She is very polite to show us the way. (表結(jié)果) 她非常有禮貌地給我們指路。
To look at him, you would like him. (表?xiàng)l件) 如果你看見(jiàn)他，你就會(huì)喜歡他。
You couldn’t do that to save your life. (表?xiàng)l件) 你即使為了救自己的命也不能那樣做。
We ran all the way so as not to be late. (表?xiàng)l件) 為了不遲到我們一路跑來(lái)。
They divided the work, John to wash the vegetables and Marry to cook the meal. (表伴隨情況) 他們分了工，約翰洗菜，瑪麗做飯。
不定式可以表明說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度，在句中作獨(dú)立成分。
例：To tell the truth, this is all Greek to me. 說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我對(duì)此一竅不通。
To be sure, we can do it. 當(dāng)然，我們能做好的。
類(lèi)似的還有：to be brief 簡(jiǎn)言之， to be exact 精確地說(shuō)，to be frank with you 老實(shí)對(duì)你說(shuō)吧，to be honest 說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，to start/begin with 首先 等等。這些短語(yǔ)大都位于句首，偶爾位于句中或句尾，需用逗號(hào)同其它句子成分格開(kāi)。
⑦不定式與疑問(wèn)詞who, which, when, where, how, what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。
例：He didn’t know what to say. (賓語(yǔ)) 他不知道要說(shuō)什么。
How to solve the problem is very important. （主語(yǔ)）如何解決問(wèn)題非常重要。
My question is when to start. (表語(yǔ)) 我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始。
三、課文理解
1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the first paragraph?
A.JK Rowling is a world full of wonders and strange happenings.
B.The books are about creatures and adventures and the real world as well.
C.Rowling has written books about children with secret past.
D.We can know ourselves better by reading the books.
2.What is true about Harry Porter?
A.He is unhappy because he has to change his life often.
B.He lives miserably until he becomes a student at Hogwarts.
C.He wants to become a wizard because he is normal enough.
D.He has to change his life because his parents died.
3.Harry learns the following except _____.
A.the magic and how to become a wizard
B.the importance and difficulty of making friends
C.the power of love and goodness
D.the secret of his life and choices
4.According to the passage, _____.
A.you won’t succeed if you don’t have faith in what you are doing
B.wizards have to fight each other because nothing is always right
C.birth and appearance has something to do with a person’s growing up
D.people can be friends although they have little or nothing in common
5.What is the suggested idea of the passage?
A.Poor children with no past will succeed in the end.
B.It is easy for normal children to become a wizard.
C.It is to believe in ourselves and to help others that make a good life.
D.Things in the books are no value to the real world.
四、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)訓(xùn)練
I. 單項(xiàng)選擇
1. The man _______ today left the message for you.
A. calledB. has calledC. whom calledD. who called
2. He has to work on Sunday, _______ he does not like.
A. whichB. which timeC. on which timeD. when
3. I don’t think the number of people _______ this happens is very large.
A. whomB. whoC. of whomD. to whom
4. I, _______ your friend, tell you so.
A. that amB. that is C. who isD. who am
5. That’s the Science Museum _______ we visited last year.
A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which
6. The river _______ are covered with trees is very long.
A. which banksB. of which banks
C. whose the banksD. the banks of which
7. He is the most boring speaker _______ I have ever heard.
A. whoB. that C. whoD. which
8. ---Did you ask the guard what happened?
---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. about whichB. whichC. thatD. what
9. The man and the horse _______ fell into the river were drowned.
A. whichB. whoC. thatD. of which
10. I helped him with his homework, _______ was my duty.
A. when B. asC. itD. that
11. The building _______ all elderly university teachers prefer looks so
beautiful.
A. at whichB. whereC. whichD. in which
12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any
questions.
A. at whichB. at whereC. the place whereD. where
13. I will provide you with such things _______ you may need.
A. thatB. whichC. as D. whose
14. This is the man _______ is honest.
A. who I believeB. whom I believe
C. who believe I D. I believe who
15. You have many people around you _______ are kind to you but _______ you will
soon forget.
A. /;/B. /; whoC. who; /D. who; whom
II.寫(xiě)定義
Name 名稱(chēng)Category 類(lèi)別Function/Action 功用/行動(dòng)
a clocka machinetell time
April 1a holidaybe called April Fool’s Day
a travelera persontravel
a passengera travelertravel by public transport such as the bus, boat, plane or train
an aircraftany machine or structurecan fly in the air and carry goods and passengers
an Airbus an aircraftoperate regularly over short or medium distances
16. A clock is a machine which tells the time.
17. April 1 ________________________________________.
18. A traveler _____________________________________.
19. A passenger _____________________________________.
20. An aircraft ______________________________________.
21. An airbus ________________________________________.
III. 請(qǐng)指出下面一則短文中不定式的語(yǔ)法功能
S = subject O = object P = predicative AC = adjective complement
AD = adverbial ATT = attributive
A Note to fellow students of English writing
①To make good use of a non-verbal phrase, it is necessary ②to think why you need it. Any phrase ③to be included should be used to ④back up the main idea you want ⑤to put across. Don’t aim ⑥to write long sentences for their own sake or ⑦to impress the teacher. If you hope ⑧to get a good mark this way, you may often find it leads to the opposite. Moreover, long sentences are harder ⑨t(yī)o write and more difficult ⑩to read. So, it’s better ⑾to avoid long sentences whenever you can. Good writing practice is ⑿to write in a simple style. This is also the best way ⒀to communicate with readers.
IV. 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全下列句子
a. to help you
b. to win the national lottery
c. to talk with food in your mouth
d. to say “thank you” when you receive help
e. for ordinary people to own weapons in some countries
f. to bring flowers to a dinner party you’re invited to
g. to go snowboarding during the summer vocation
h. for a teenager to buy alcoholic drinks
i. to have a “pot-luck party” where everyone brings a dish to share
1. It’s a pleasure __________________________________.
2. It’s good manners ________________________________.
3. It’s not always polite ___________________________.
4. It’s bad manners _________________________________.
5. It’s cool ________________________________________.
6. It’s good luck ___________________________________.
7. It’s a good idea _________________________________.
8. It’s against the law _____________________________.
五、綜合訓(xùn)練
I. 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用
A. 單項(xiàng)選擇
1. Compare this _______ that, _______ you’ll find which is better.
A. with; orB. with; andC. to; orD. to; and
2. _______ 1992, the price of grain was reduced by 50%.
A. Compare withB. Compare to
C. Compared withD. Comparing to
3. Girls are often compared _______ flowers.
A. withB. toC. byD. for
4. His father is _______ treatment in that hospital.
A. in B. by C. withD. under
5. _______, a form must be filled in.
A. To ask for this jobB. In order to get this job
C. Making request for this jobD. If you want to get this job
6. Next summer _______ you will spend in Shanghai, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday.
A. whichB. whenC. in whichD. where
7. Go to ask the person _______ can help you.
A. whom you thinkB. who you think
C. you thinkD. you think who
8. They treated him _______ a king when he won the money.
A. asB. as beingC. likeD. like being
9. I _______ what he said, but to tell you the truth, I don’t ________ him.
A. believed in; believeB. believed; believe in
C. believed in; believe inD. believed; believe
10. The manager told us _______ had happened in the shop.
A. allB. all thatC. all whatD. all which
B. 選擇短語(yǔ)并用適當(dāng)形式填空
turn into turn up turn down turn away
turn in turn out turn to turn over
11. The manager ________ the assistant.
12. We politely ________ the invitation.
13. The students all ________ the final exam ahead of time.
14. He ________ the lights before he left.
15. Several old friends _________ at the party.
16. The ice in the street ________ water gradually.
17. The plan ________ a failure.
18. When you are in trouble, you can ________ him for help.
19. She ________ the problem in her mind.
20. ________ to the next page and let’s do the exercises.
II. 完形填空 用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~將下列短文補(bǔ)充完整，每空一詞。
Spielberg was __21__ in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father was an engineer and his mother was a pianist. __22__ a boy he used to __23__ his own stories with pictures. He started making home movies at the age of 12, __24__ he filmed a toy train crash at home. At 13 he won a film competition __25__ a 40-minute film. At the age of 16 he made a longer film of 140 minutes at a __26__ of $600.
He had his first __27__ at 25 when he made Duel, a film about a motorist __28__ is chased by a giant truck. People in the film industry began to notice him. After that came Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and ET, with its star, a gentle creature from __29__ space.
__30__ 1999, Spielberg had directed 22 films and had produced many others. His fortune from film-making is now over $1 billion.
As __31__ as popular thrillers(驚險(xiǎn)電影) like Jaws, Spielberg has also filmed more difficult subjects, for example, Schindler’s List. It was always __32_ that the death of the Jews in World War II was an important historical subject. But film directors avoided it, __33__ the deaths were so terrible, and because it would be difficult to __34__ the truth without shocking film-goers. Finally, Spielberg found the right book (by Thomas Keneally) with its positive story and unusual hero. It was an important film for him as it finally won him the two Oscars __35__ he had always wanted, one for Best Picture and another for Best Director.
III. 閱讀理解
A
A new attraction is now showing in Paris, Florida, California and Tokyo----“Honey, I shrunk(縮小)the audience.” Like the film “Honey, I shrunk the kids” the show makes the audience feel very small. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be as small as a mouse? Now is your chance to find out!
When you enter the cinema, you are given a pair of 3D glasses. The film starts in an ordinary way. Then suddenly you are the size of a mouse and everything else in the world seems HUGE! A dog seems ready to jump out of the cinema screen and eat you up! Then someone picks up the cinema in which you are sitting, and it feels as if it is moving! The show uses special effects, and sound effects too. In one scene a snake attacks the audience and a cat turns into a lion and jumps at the audience. In another scene the inventor’s son puts his pet mouse into a magic box to make more mice, and suddenly it seems as though a hundred mice are running over your feet all round the theatre!
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正誤（True or False）。
( )36. The new show is called “Honey, I shrunk the kids”.
( )37. The show makes other people in the audience look small.
( )38. You need to wear special glasses for the show.
( )39. After the show starts, a big dog runs into the cinema.
( )40. At one point, you feel as if your seat is moving.
( )41. During the show, a cat becomes a lion.
( )42. At one point in the show, a lot of mice run over the cinema floor.
B
How to go busking(街頭賣(mài)藝) in the street
Find a busy spot with lots of “people traffic”. But make sure you’re not in anyone’s way. An empty shopfront will do nicely. Don’t make the mistake of choosing very busy places with crowds. Outside a busy bus station is not a good place. It will be too noisy for people to hear you and they won’t see you either. It will be too easy for them to pass by in a crowd without giving anything.
Having found your spot, put out something to collect the money, for example, your empty guitar case, a blanket or an old hat. Put a few coins in yourself before you start playing; add a couple of ￡ 1 coins to show that some people have given a lot! Don’t overdo it, though; if your hat is too full, people will think you don’t need the money.
Play simple, well-known pop tunes that people love. Make sure that you know plenty of songs. If you play very fast tunes, people will walk by quickly and won’t stop to give. Play a sad, tuneful song from time to time. Guitars, violins, flutes are all good street instruments and are easy to hear. If you can play the Australian didgeridoo(迪吉里杜管)( a long wooden pipe which makes a deep sound), people will stop to listen, because in many countries it’s an unusual instrument.
When people stop to listen to the end of the tune, and maybe to hear the next one, then you know you’ve got an audience. Smile at them, make eye contact, and thank them when they drop their coins into your hat. Finally, remember that busking is not begging, but making people happy. Show that you love music and that the money is not the most important thing. If you play with a smile on your face and with your foot tapping, you’ll give out a sense of happiness to passers-by.
找出與以下短語(yǔ)或句子意思相同的短語(yǔ)。
43. where many people are walking by___________________________
44. You are not stopping people from walking by___________________________
45. would be good___________________________
46. do too much of this___________________________
47. People are enjoying listening to you ___________________________
48. look at them in the eyes___________________________
49. moving your foot in time to the music___________________________
C
At the beginning of the century there was a big farm called Hollywood Ranch. It was near Los Angeles in California. A few years later Hollywood was one of the famous places in the world. From 1910’s to the 1950’s Hollywood was the film centre of the world. Every family knew the names of its film stars ---- Charlie Chaplin, Greta Garbo, Bergman and hundreds more.
The reason why people went to Hollywood to make films was the sun. At first people made films in New York on the east coast of the United States.
But then they heard about Los Angeles where there are 350 days of sun every year. As they made all the films by sunlight, west coast was a much better place to work. Also near Hollywood you can find mountains and sea and desert. They did not have to travel far to make any kind of film.
When TV became popular, Hollywood started making films for television. Then in 1970s they discovered people still went to cinema to see big expensive films. After twenty years they are still making films in Hollywood and people watch them all over the world.
50. Hollywood used to be a _______.
A. cinemaB. big farmC. parkD. market
51. In the 1910s Hollywood became a _______.
A. famous theatreB. good place to have holidays
C. film centreD. home for stars
52. Who was not mentioned as a film star in the passage? _______.
A. Charlie ChaplinB. Marily Monroe
C. Ingrid BergmanD. Greta Garbo
53. People went to Hollywood to make films because ________.
A. it was a beautiful placeB. you can find many film stars
C. there was a lot of sunlight thereD. it was a famous place
54. Which statement is true? ________
A. The East Coast was a better place to make films.
B. There are no mountains near Hollywood.
C. People no longer went to cinema after television became popular.
D. Hollywood began to make films for television after the First World War.
D
About the year 1900, a small, dark-hair boy named Charlie Chaplin was often seen waiting outside the back entrances of London theatres. He looked thin and hungry. He was hoping to get work in show business. He could sing and dance, and above all, he knew how to make people laugh. But he couldn’t get work and therefore wandered about the city streets. Sometimes he was sent away to a home for children who had no parents.
But twenty years later this same Charlie Chaplin became the greatest, best known, and best loved comedian in the world. Any regular visitor to the cinema must have seen some of Chaplin’s films. People everywhere have sat and laughed at them until the tears ran down their faces. Even people who don’t understand English can enjoy Chaplin’s films because they are mostly silent. It isn’t what he says that makes us laugh. His comedy doesn’t depend upon words or language. It depends on little actions which mean the same thing to people all over the world. Acting out without words, of common human situations plays an important part in the dances and plays of many countries. It’s a kind of world language.
Chaplin lived most of his life in America and died in Switzerland on Christmas Day 1977, at the age of eighty-eight. There was sadness all over the world at the news of his death.
55. Chaplin was born in ________.
A. AmericaB. SwitzerlandC. EnglandD. France
56. Little does Chaplin’s comedy depend on ________.
A. actionsB. acting out
C. common human situationsD. words and language
57. One of the reasons that people all over the world can enjoy Chaplin’s films is that _______.
A. most of them have been translated into different languages
B. most of them are silent films
C. they are good comedies
D. most of them are good sound films
58. _______ is a kind of world language according to the passage.
A. ComedyB. Acting out without words
C. SilenceD. Films
59. Chaplin is regarded as Master of comedy mainly because _______.
A. he acted out the common human situations best in his comedy
B. his films are mostly silent
C. he knew how to make people laugh
D. any regular visitor has seen some of his films
IV. 單句改錯(cuò)
60. The parents told the police their child was missed.
61. I am telling my friend to see that he wants to go to see a film with me.
62. The heroine has to save her father who took away by a kidnapper.
63. She said she couldn’t take part in the party, but we had better have a good idea and get her go with us.
64. An arts festival is being taken place in the park of your city.
65. In the world of JK Rowling much of what happens are strange.
66. Actually we can learn a lot ourselves and the real world by reading books.
67. Harry learns to be brave and to do things he was used to be afraid of.
68. He together with his friends are going to see the film “Harry Potter”.
69. The man had so strange eyes that we were afraid to talk with him.
70. Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．
71. Anyone who break the law will be punished．
72. He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．
73. I still remember the day when we spent together．
74. Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？
75. It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．
76. He always refuses doing what he is unwilling to.
77. The building completed next week will be used as a library.
78. This problem is very difficult to deal.
79. In order to not be late, he got up very early.
80. The girl was so lazy that she always had her clothes to be washed.
V. 書(shū)面表達(dá):
根據(jù)下面的提示寫(xiě)一張電影海報(bào)。
A film poster
電 影：《莎翁情史》
出品日期：1998年
導(dǎo) 演：John Madden
主 演：Joseph Fiennes, Gwyneth Paltrow
放映日期：5月15日（星期五）
時(shí) 間：18：30
地 點(diǎn)：超星影院
票 價(jià)：10元（成人）； 6元（學(xué)生）
我校圖書(shū)館及校辦有售
評(píng) 論：“一部非常有趣的喜劇”
“演技卓絕”
“主角和其他演員的表演都很出色”
“情節(jié)緊湊連貫，一氣呵成”
“生動(dòng)地描繪了16世紀(jì)倫敦劇院的生活”
Unit 11
三、課文理解 1－5 DBCAD
四、語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練
I.單項(xiàng)選擇
1－5 DABCB 6－10 ADAAD
II. 把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
11. My watch has been broken by my little sister.
12. His room was being cleaned when I entered the house.
13. A note had better be left to him by her.
14. No attention was paid to me. or I was paid no attention to.
15. A letter was written to her by him.
16. Let smoking be given up.
17. Don’t let such a novel be read. or Let such a novel not be read.
III. 賓語(yǔ)從句
18－22 BDCDA 23－27 BAABA
五、綜合訓(xùn)練
I. 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用
A. 1?5 ADCAC 6?10 ABADA
B.11. intelligent 12. folks 13. spread 14. performances 15. contains/contained
16. suggested 17. tradition 18. entertainment 19. expressed 20. total
II.完形填空
21. slaves; 22. with; 23. started/began; 24. traveled; 25. popular; 26. sad;
27. feelings; 28. in; 29. instruments; 30. named/called; 31. after; 32. happier;
33. change/put/turn; 34. emotions; 35. differently
III. 閱讀理解
A. 36. c 37. f 38. b 39. e 40. d 41. a
B. 42. e c g f a d b
C. 43-47 CDCCC
D. 48-52 DABCC
IV. 單句改錯(cuò)
53. with----to 54. which----in which/that 55. spreaded----spread
56. Spanish-spoken----Spanish-speaking 57. won----beat/defeated
58. pick up you---- pick you up 59. star----stars 60. 去掉it
61. latest----last 62. 去掉a
V. 書(shū)面表達(dá)
Blues and jazz are twins from African-American music in the 19th century. They started in Louisiana and Mississippi in the USA and became very popular in the 20th century. Musicians who play blues and jazz change the music to show their emotions, and so the music can be played differently each time. They are enjoyed by the people all over the world nowadays because of having strong emotional feelings in them.
Blues express sad feelings, sometimes in a funny way. A person who sings the blues feels sad possibly because he or she lost something. People played blues first with one or two instruments and sometimes without any instruments. Jazz came soon after blues. Composers added more musical instruments. Jazz can be happier and faster.
Unit 12
三、課文理解 1－5 CBDAC
四、語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練
I.單項(xiàng)選擇
1－5 DADDC 6－10 DBCCB 11－15 CDCAD
II.寫(xiě)定義
16. April 1 is a holiday which is called April Fool’s Day.
17. A traveler is a person who travels.
18. A passenger is a traveler who travels by public transport such as the bus, boat, plane or train.
19. An aircraft is any machine or structure which can fly in the air and carry goods or passengers.
20. An airbus is an aircraft which operates regularly over short or medium distances.
III.不定式的語(yǔ)法功能
AD; S; ATT; AD; AD; AD; AD; O; AC; AC；S; P; ATT
IV.補(bǔ)全句子
a d f c g b i; e or h
五、綜合訓(xùn)練
I.基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用
A. 1-5 BCBDD 6-10 ABABB
B. 11. turned away 12. turned down 13. turned in 14. turned out 15. turned up
16. turned into 17. turned out 18. turn to 19. turned over 20. Turn over
II.完形填空
21. born; 22. As; 23. write; 24. when; 25. with; 26. cost; 27. success; 28. who; 29. outer;
30. By; 31. well; 32. known; 33. because; 34. tell; 35. that/which
III. 閱讀理解
A. 36. F; 37. F; 38. T; 39. F; 40. T; 41. T; 42. F
B. 43. with a lot of “people traffic”;
44. you’re not in anyone’s way;
45. will do nicely;
46. overdo it;
47. you’ve got an audience;
48. make eye contact;
49. with your foot tapping
C. 50-54 BCBCD
D. 55-59 CDBBA
IV. 單句改錯(cuò)
60. missed----missing/gone/lost 61. that----if/whether 62. took----has been taken
63. go---- to go 64. being taken---- taking 或 taken place----hosted
65. are----is 66. ourselves前加 about 67. 去掉was 68. are----is
69. so----such 70. 去掉them 71. break----breaks 72. know----knows
73. when----which/that 74. why----which/that 75. where----that 76. doing----to do
77. completed----to be completed 78. deal----deal with 79. to not ---- not to
80. 去掉to be
V.書(shū)面表達(dá)
A film poster
TITLE OF FILM: Shakespeare in Love
DATE OF FILM: 1998
DIRECTOR: John Madden
STARS: Joseph Fiennes, Gwyneth Paltrow
DATE: Friday 15th May
TIME: 18:30
PLACE: Superstar Cinema
TICKETS: 10 yuan (Adults); 6 yuan (Students)
from the library or the Office at our school
OPINIONS: “a very funny comedy”
“beautifully acted”
“excellent acting by the stars and the other actors”
“it never slows down for a second”
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