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Grammar：Inversion

1．完全倒裝語序(把謂語的全部提至主語前)：
(1)在以in，out，back，up，down，off，away，here，there等副詞開頭的句子中，若主語為名詞時，常采用主謂完全倒裝語序，但主語為人稱代詞時，主謂不倒裝。例如：
—Look！Here comes the bus.
—瞧！公共汽車來了。
—Oh，here it comes.
—噢，真的來了。
—Listen！There goes the bell.
—聽！鈴響了。
—Oh，there it goes.
—噢，真的響了。
Just then the door opened and in came a woman.
就在那時，門開了，進來了一個女的。
(2)表示存在關(guān)系的句子將表地點的副詞或介詞短語提至句首時，若主語為名詞，也采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
East of Asia lies China，with Beijing its capital.
中國在亞洲的東部，北京是它的首都。
Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.
那棵樹下坐著一位美麗的姑娘。
(3)在一些固定句型中，以now，then或thus開頭的句子也采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Now comes your turn to answer the teacher’s question.(＝It’s your turn to answer the teacher’s question now.)現(xiàn)在輪到你回答老師的問題了。
The AntiJapanese War ended in 1945.Then followed China’s Liberation War.
抗日戰(zhàn)爭1945年結(jié)束，接著是中國的解放戰(zhàn)爭。
注意：此句型有時需用不定式的被動語態(tài)。
Now comes your turn to be questioned.
現(xiàn)在輪到你被提問了。
(4)以such開頭的句子采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achievements.這就是愛因斯坦，一個純樸而又取得巨大成就的人。
2．部分倒裝句式：
如果有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞等，將其放在主語之前；如果沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞等時，要在主語前加助動詞do或does(一般現(xiàn)在時)或did(一般過去時)。具體如下：
(1)以only開頭的句子，當only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時，要采用部分倒裝語序。
注意：①only修飾狀語從句時，從句不倒裝而主句倒裝。
Only then did I realize he，too，was an Englishman.
只有在那時，我才意識到，他也是個英國人。
Only over 18 are you allowed to join the navy，airforce or army.只有超過18歲，你才被允許加入海軍、空軍或陸軍。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was Einstein able to get back happily to work.只有在1918年戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束時，愛因斯坦才能夠愉快地返回工作崗位。
②only后接名詞或代詞時，屬修飾主語，不采用倒裝語序。
Only she can solve the problem.
只有她能解決這個問題。
(2)含有not only...but also的句子，若把not only提到句首，讓not only和but also引導兩個分句時，not only引導的分句要采用部分倒裝語序，但but also引導的分句不倒裝，而且與前邊句子中相同的成分可以省略。
Not only did they take away everything he had but also his German citizenship.他們不僅帶走了他所擁有的一切，而且還剝奪了他的德國公民權(quán)。
(3)把含有否定意義的詞(never，not，nowhere，hardly，few，little等)或頻度副詞(often，frequently，always，many times等)放在句首時，要采用部分倒裝語序。
Never shall I forget the past bitter days.
我永遠不會忘記過去苦難的日子。
Not a single mistake did the little pupil make in his composition.那個小學生在作文中連一個錯誤都沒有犯。
Seldom does my aunt go to church on Sundays.
我嬸嬸星期天很少去教堂做禮拜。
Frequently does my companion beat me at chess.
我的伙伴屢次下棋戰(zhàn)勝我。
(4)so..that和such...that句型中，若把so或such及它們所修飾的詞提至句首時，主句采用部分倒裝語序，但that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句中語序正常。例如：
So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.
這個湖很淺，魚不能在里邊生存。
Such rapid progress did my nephew make that he was able to keep a diary in English before long.我侄子取得了如此快的進步，他不久就能用英語記日記了。
(5)not...until句型，若將not until短語提至句首時，主句要采用部分倒裝語序。
Not until he has corrected all our homework will the geography teacher be able to come.直到改完我們所有的作業(yè)以后，地理老師才能來。
(6)neither...nor引導兩個分句時，兩句都要采用部分倒裝語序。
Neither was the director for the plan nor was he against it.主任既不贊成也不反對這個計劃。
Neither did I know about it nor did I care about it.
關(guān)于此事我不知道也不關(guān)心。
(7)以so開頭的句子(在肯定句后)，說某人、某事與前邊提到過的相同時，要采用部分倒裝語序；以neither或nor開頭的句子(在否定句后)，說某人、某事與前邊提到過的相同時，也要采用部分倒裝語序。
—I enjoy dumplings.
——我喜歡吃餃子。
—So do I.
——我也一樣。
After that we never saw her again，neither(＝nor) did we hear from her.在那以后，我們從未見過她，也沒有收到過她的來信。
注意：上述兩種倒裝句式還可用So it it/was with sb./sth.或It is/was the same with sb./sth.兩個句型來替換，意思不變。但若前句動詞復雜或有肯定和否定混合時，只用So it is/was with sb./sth.或It is/was the same with sb./sth.兩個句型，來表示前邊所說情況也適合于后邊的人或事。另外，以so開頭的句子，如果表示對前邊所說事情的重復，表示某人某事確實如此，不采用倒裝語序。
Marx came from Germany and German was his native language.So it was with Engels.馬克思是德國人，德語是他的母語，恩格斯也一樣。
My deskmate works hard and does not go in for sports.It is the same with me.
我同桌學習刻苦，不喜歡體育運動，我也一樣。
—He seems very sad.
—他似乎很傷心。
—So he is.His father passed away yesterday.
—他確實傷心。他父親昨天去世了。
3．其他特殊的倒裝句式：
(1)以how，when，where，why，who，whom，whose，what等連接詞引導的賓語從句中，連接詞要用正常語序。
You can have no idea how excited I was then.
你可能想象不到我當時有多么興奮。
(2)以“whatever/however＋形容詞/副詞”等引導的讓步狀語從句中，這些詞后要采用正常語序。
However cold it was，Lenin wore that old coat.
不管有多么冷，列寧總是穿著那件舊大衣。
(3)enough修飾形容詞或副詞時，要放在形容詞或副詞的后邊，修飾名詞時，放在名詞前后都可以，放在名詞前的較常用。
We have a large enough flat(＝apartment)．
我們有一套夠大的公寓。
People brave enough to take that medicine are all volunteers.夠勇敢服那種藥的人都是志愿者。
(4)在定語從句中出現(xiàn)I think等結(jié)構(gòu)時，把此結(jié)構(gòu)看做插入語，定語從句仍用正常語序。
The boy who everyone thought was honest cheated in the exam.大家都認為老實的那個孩子，在考試中作弊了。
(5)“the＋比較級＋主謂，＋the＋比較級＋主謂”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越……就越……”。
The harder you work，the greater progress you will make.
你工作越努力，你取得的進步就越大。
(6)以as引導的讓步狀語從句要采用倒裝語序，其倒裝辦法是提前表語、狀語或動詞原形，提前表語時，若表語為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，要省略不定冠詞。
Peasant as my uncle is，he owns a large fortune.
雖然我叔叔是個農(nóng)民，但他擁有一大筆財富。


Ⅰ.單項填空
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

1．It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________to return to their homes.
A．the residents would be permitted
B．had the residents been permitted
C．would the residents be permitted
D．the residents had been permitted
答案　C
解析　句意為：據(jù)宣布，只有在火勢被控制住的時候居民們才被允許回到家中。that從句中only修飾的時間狀語從句位于句首，后面的主句需用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
2．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.
A．he will either B．neither will he
C．he neither will D．either he will
答案　B
解析　neither引導倒裝句，表示前者不做某事，后者也不做。
3．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ________.
A．I was neither B．neither was I
C．I was either D．either was I
答案　B
解析　句意為：Bill對Jason耽誤了報告的事不高興，我也是(我也不高興)。表示“某人也不……時”，應該用“neither/nor＋助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”。
4．So much of interest ________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers
C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer
答案　C
解析　在使用so...that句式時，若so＋adj./adv.位于句首，則該句須用倒裝語序，故應選擇C項。
5．Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them.
A．I realized B．I had realized
C．had I realized D．did I realize
答案　D
解析　考查部分倒裝。“only＋狀語”放于句首時主句用部分倒裝。
6．Not until the motorbike looked almost new ________repairing and cleaning it.
A．he stopped B．did he stop
C．stopped he D．he did stop
答案　B
解析　not until位于句首時，主句要用倒裝語序。
7．I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom________so lonely as now.
A．have I felt B．I had felt
C．I have felt D．had I felt
答案　A
解析　將現(xiàn)在與以前相比較，故用現(xiàn)在完成時，當否定副詞置于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝形式。句意為：……但我很少感覺到像現(xiàn)在這樣孤獨。
8．Young ________ he is，he is quite experienced.
A．like B．a(chǎn)s C．so D．such
答案　B
解析　as作“雖然”講時，句子要用倒裝句式即表語/狀語＋as＋主語＋謂語。
9．Autumn coming，down________.
A．do the leaves fall B．the leaves will fall
C．fall the leaves D．will the leaves fall
答案　C
解析　考查副詞放句首的全倒裝句式。
10．________it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu bridge.
A．Were B．Should
C．Would D．Will
答案　B
解析　考查虛擬語氣省略if的倒裝句。if從句中如果有be/should/had，可以把if省略，把be/should/had提前。
11．Not a single song ______ at yesterday’s party.
A．she sang B．sang she
C．did she sing D．she did sing
答案　C
解析　考查否定詞位于句首時的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
12．Not only ________English well but also ______ ready to help others.
A．does he speak；he is B．he speaks；is he
C．does he speak；is he D．he speaks；he is
答案　A
解析　not only位于句首時，含not only的句子要用倒裝語序，故選A項。
13．At the sight of the policeman，______from behind the door.
A．did the boy rush out B．the boy rushing out
C．out rushed the boy D．rushing out was the boy
答案　C
解析　考查副詞位于句首時的全倒裝句。
14．Among the goods ______.
A．Christmas trees and flowers are
B．Christmas trees and flowers were
C．did Christmas trees and flowers be
D．a(chǎn)re Christmas trees and flowers
答案　D
解析　考查表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時的全倒裝句式。
15．So absorbed______in the research that she didn’t hear someone knocking at the door.
A．was she B．she was
C．did she D．she did
答案　A
解析　考查so...that句型，把so＋adj./adv.放句首時的倒裝句。
16．On the top of the hill ________ the old man once lived.
A．a(chǎn) temple stands there in which
B．a(chǎn) temple standing on which
C．does a temple stand where
D．stands a temple where
答案　D
解析　表示地點的介詞短語放句首時，句子要用全倒裝語序。
17．He failed the midterm examination and only then ______how much time he had wasted.
A．he realized B．did he realize
C．he had realized D．had he realized
答案　B
解析　only＋狀語放句首時，主句用部分倒裝。
18．—I wonder if your wife will go to the ball.
—If she______，so ______I.
A．does；will B．will；does
C．does；do D．would；will
答案　A
解析　so引導倒裝句，表示前者做某事，后者也做某事。if從句不用將來時態(tài)，故選A項。
19．In my opinion，all Mr.White ______good to his students in his class at present.He is very strict about their study.
A．does does does B．does do do
C．does does do D．did do does
答案　C
解析　句意為：在我看來，懷特先生目前在課上所做的一切的確對他的學生有好處。他對他們的學習要求嚴格。all Mr.White does是主語，does do good to sb.表示“的確/確實對……有好處”，故選C項。
20．“Never______to hurt your feeling while I was expressing myself in the discussion，”explained Jim.
A．I expected B．expected I
C．had I expected D．did I expect
答案　D
解析　考查never放句首時的部分倒裝句。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Out_rushed(沖出去了) the children.
2．From the valley came_a_frightening_sound (傳來一陣可怕的聲音)．
3．Gone_are_the_days (日子一去不復返) when we used the foreign oil.
4．Not_until_the_children_fell_asleep_did (直到孩子們睡著了) the mother leave the room.
5．So_proud_was_he (他如此自大) that he never listened to any advice.
6．Beautiful_as_she_is (盡管她很漂亮)，she is not clever.
7．Only_in_this_way_can (只有通過這種方式) we learn English well.
8．Had_you_reviewed_your_lessons (如果你復習你的功課的話)，you might have passed the exam.
9．He has been to New York，so_have_his_wife_and_children(他妻子和孩子也去過)．
10．He doesn’t do his best to win the game.Neither_does_she(她也沒盡力)．
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
Authorities did not release(分布)the gunman’s name，but Peters said he had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois.
DeKalb county coroner(驗尸官)Dennis J．Miller on Friday released the identities of the four victims who died in the county：Daniel Parmenter,20，of Westchester；Catalina Garcia,20，of Cicero；RyanneMace,19，of Carpentersville；and Julianna Gehant,32，of Meridan.
“Two other victims died after being transferred to hospitals in other counties”，Miller said.Witnesses said the gunman，dressed in black and wearing a stocking cap，emerged from behind a screen on the stage of 200seat Cole Hall and opened fire just as the class was about to end around 3 p．m.
Officials said 162 students were registered for the class but it was unknown how many were there on Thursday.
Allyse Jerome,19，a sophomore(大二學生)from Shaumburg，said the gunman burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.
“Honestly，at first everyone thought it was a joke，”Jerome said.Everyone hit the floor，she said.Then she got up and ran，but tripped.she said she felt like “an open target”．
“He could’ve decided to get me，”Jerome said on Friday.“I thought for sure he was gonna get me.”
Lauren Carrsad said she was sitting in the third row when she saw the shooter walk through a door on the righthand side of the stage，pointing a gun straight ahead.
“I personally armycrawled halfway up the aisle(通道)，”said Carr，a 20yearold sophomore.“I said I could get up and run or I could die here.”
She said a student in front of her was bleeding，“but he just kept running”．
More than a hundred students cried and hugged as they gathered outside the Phi Kappa Alpha house early Friday morning to remember Dan Parmenter，who was one of those killed.
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A．Everyone thought it was a joke when the gunman appeared in front of them.
B．Peters had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois.
C．162 students were attending a lecture when the gunman emerged from behind the screen.
D．The gunman opened fire as soon as the class came to an end.
答案　A
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段Allyse Jermome的敘述，“Honestly，at first everyone thought it was a joke”可知A項正確。第一段中的“Peters said he had no record of police contact or...”，根據(jù)前半句可知，此處的he是指的the gunman，而不是Peters本人，故B項錯誤。根據(jù)第四段可知，有關(guān)工作人員說有162名學生報了這個課，但并不知道案發(fā)時多少人在場，故C項錯誤。至于D項，本文在敘述槍擊事件時并沒有提到它是在課堂結(jié)束時發(fā)生的，所以通過本文無法證明其正確性。
2．How many people were shot to death according to the passage?
A．4. B．6. C．8. D．162.
答案　B
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，縣驗尸官Miller確認身份的有4名死難者，而在第三段，Miller又提到“Two other victims died after being transferred to hospitals in other counties(另外兩個受害者在被轉(zhuǎn)移到其他縣的醫(yī)院后死亡)”，所以總數(shù)為6個。
3．The following are not witnesses except________.
A．Peters B．Dennis J．Miller
C．Dan Parmenter D．Lauren Carr
答案　D
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Peters said he had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois”可知Peters應為北伊利諾斯州大學校方人員；而Dennis J．Miller為驗尸官，Dan Parmenter為死亡人員之一，只有Lauren Carr經(jīng)歷了此次事件而且活下來，是槍擊事件的目擊者。
4．What was the first thing that Jerome did when she saw the gunman?
A．She got up and ran out of the room.
B．She hit the floor.
C．She burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.
D．She tripped and became an “open target”．
答案　B
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Jermome的敘述可知，當看到持槍者出現(xiàn)時，每一個人都hit the floor，自然也包括他自己。
5．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Witnesses Tell of Horrible Experience
B．A Cruel Shooter
C．162 Killed in an Accident
D．An Unknown Gunman
答案　A
解析　主旨大意題。本文主要通過目擊者介紹了槍擊事件的一些詳情，所以最佳標題應為A項：目擊者講述恐怖經(jīng)歷。
B
Sport is not only physically challenging，but it can also be mentally challenging.Criticism from coaches，parents，and other teammates，as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes.Stress can be physical，emotional，or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself.The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.Young athletes can，for example，learn how to cooperate with others，make friends，and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware，at all times，that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children.Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children.The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons.In today’s youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters’ performances.Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome.Research indicates that positive support motivates(激發(fā))and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.Again，criticism can create high levels of stress，which can lead to burnout.
6．An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is________.
A．to make sports less competitive
B．to increase their sense of success
C．to reduce their mental stress
D．to make sports more challenging
答案　C
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Stress can be physical，emotional，or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.”可知，stress(緊張，壓力)會導致burnout(激情耗盡；撒手不干)，所以阻止這種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的有效方法就是減少他們的思想壓力。
7．According to the passage，sport is positive for young people in that________.
A．it can help them learn more about society
B．it enables them to find faults in themselves
C．it can provide them with valuable experiences
D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
答案　C
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.”可知C項正確。
8．Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes________.
A．believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B．without realizing criticism may destroy their selfconfidence
C．in order to make them remember life’s lessons
D．so as to put more pressure on them
答案　B
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章可知，教練和家長的注意力主要在結(jié)果上，希望運動員能贏得比賽，批評多是因為對其表現(xiàn)不滿，希望其能做得好些。他們的主觀愿望是好的。但是顯然沒有意識到批評可能使年輕的運動員對其從事運動的熱情盡失，再也提不起興趣，否則就不會這么做了。
9．According to the passage parents and coaches should_____________________.
A．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B．help children to win every game
C．train children to cope with stress
D．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
答案　A
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，作者首先指出教練和家長不應讓運動成為孩子的工作，那樣就會成為孩子的一種負擔。同時提到比賽的結(jié)果不如學習運動的過程重要，不管結(jié)果如何，教練和家長都要給孩子正面的鼓勵而不是批評。由此可知，作者認為教練和家長應當將更多的精力放在讓孩子享受運動的過程上。
10．The author’s purpose in writing the passage is________.
A．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B．to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
C．to stress the importance of positive support to children
D．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement

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