1．They had to move into ____________ (臨時(shí)的)accommodation.
2．He survived the plane crash and landed on a ____________(廢棄的)island.
3．In the eighteenth century，Benjamin Franklin made a number of ____________(實(shí)驗(yàn))．
4. The driver ____________(不理會(huì))the traffic lights and had an accident.
5．It took us all day to reach our ____________(目的地)．
6．Soon a team of 200 ____________ arrived in the area to help the wounded，sick and helpless without any pay.
7．Though it looked ____________，the dog was gentle indeed.
8．This ring，which my mother left to me，is my most valuable piece of ____________.
9．It’s ____________(freeze)cold outside.
10．I ____________(firm)believe that we must act at once.
1.temporary 2.deserted 3.experiments 4.ignored 5.destination 6.volunteers 7.fierce 8.jewellery 9.freezing 10.firmly
短語(yǔ)匯集
1．____________________ 盼望，企盼
2．____________________ 抬頭凝視
3．____________________ 留心，留意，密切注意
4．____________________ 由于……而呆住
5．____________________ 和……有關(guān)；和……有聯(lián)系
6．____________________ 和……有聯(lián)系的，和……有關(guān)
聯(lián)的
7．____________________ (使)暖和起來(lái)；(使)熱身
8．____________________ 突然；猛然
9．____________________ 取得進(jìn)步
10．____________________ 以……為主食
11．____________________ (鈴聲，槍聲等)突然響起
12．____________________ (不小心)撞著……
1.wish for 2.stare up at 3.watch out for 4.be frozen with 5.be related to 6.be linked to 7.warm up 8.all of a sudden 9.make progress 10.feed on 11.ring out 12.bang into
語(yǔ)句試譯
1．(回歸課本P2)The tall man was ________ ________ ________ ________.高個(gè)子男人不見(jiàn)了。
2．(回歸課本P2)The truth is that the fog is ________ thick ________ the bus ________ ________ that far.
實(shí)際情況是霧太大了，公交車(chē)去不了那么遠(yuǎn)。
3．(回歸課本P2～3)Polly ________ herself ________ ________ ________ a man ________ with his hand ________ on her arm.
波莉發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身邊站著一個(gè)男人，他的手搭在她的胳膊上。她睜大了眼睛盯著他看。
4．(回歸課本P3)The face that she saw was ________ ________ an old man.
她看到的是一張老年人的臉。
5．(回歸課本P18)The latter two types of attack ________ more ________ ________ ________ deadly for humans.
后兩種攻擊對(duì)于人類(lèi)而言更可能致命。
1.nowhere to be seen 2.too；for；to run 3.found；staring up at；standing；resting 4.that of 5.are；likely to be
核心知識(shí)
1. observe vt. 觀察；注意到，觀察到
(回歸課本P2)As Polly observed the passengers on the train，she sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.當(dāng)波莉觀察火車(chē)上的乘客時(shí)，她感覺(jué)有一個(gè)穿著黑外套的人在盯著她。
歸納拓展
(1)observe與see，hear，watch，feel，notice一樣屬于感官動(dòng)詞，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
(2)observe還可以表示監(jiān)視；遵守；慶祝(節(jié)日)
(3)observation n.注意，觀察；遵守,observer觀察者；旁聽(tīng)者
例句探源
①(朗文P1409)Officers observed Cox driving on the wrong side of the road.警官們注意到考克斯在逆車(chē)行駛。
②(牛津P1374)The police observed a man enter the bank.
警察注意到一個(gè)男人走進(jìn)了銀行。
③The police have been observing his movements.
警方一直監(jiān)視他的一舉一動(dòng)。
④The law should be strictly observed.
這項(xiàng)法律必須嚴(yán)格遵守。
1．完成句子
(1)我看到他正從房間里偷偷地走出來(lái)。
I ________ him ________ ________ ________ the room.
答案：observed；stealing out of
(2)I have never observed him ________ ________ ________.我從未看到他做過(guò)早操。
答案：do morning exercises
(3)Everyone should ________ ________ ________ ________.人人都要遵守交通法規(guī)。
答案：observe the traffic rules
★2.Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs.
A．perform B．possess
C．observe D．support
解析：選C。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：很多中國(guó)人在國(guó)外生活了許多年以后還是遵守傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。observe遵守，奉行(法律、習(xí)俗、規(guī)章等)，(按傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣)紀(jì)念，慶祝(節(jié)日、生日等)，符合題意。A表演；B擁有；D支撐。
2. sight n． 視野；視力；視覺(jué)；景象；名勝(復(fù)數(shù))
(回歸課本P2)There was no one in sight.看不見(jiàn)一個(gè)人。
歸納拓展
within/in sight 看得見(jiàn)
out of sight 看不見(jiàn)
at the sight of... 一看到……
at first sight 乍一看；第一眼
lose one’s sight 失明
lose sight of 看不見(jiàn)；忽略；忘記
catch sight of 看見(jiàn)；瞥見(jiàn)
come into sight 出現(xiàn)
know sb.by sight 與某人面熟
例句探源
①(朗文P1906)We saw all the important sights on our first day in Chicago.
我們到芝加哥第一天就參觀了所有重要名勝。
②(牛津P1863)The bird is now a rare sight in this country.
如今在這個(gè)國(guó)家，這種鳥(niǎo)已罕見(jiàn)了。
③She caught sight of a car in the distance.
她看見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處有一輛汽車(chē)。
④We must not lose sight of our original aim.
我們決不能忘記我們最初的目標(biāo)。
⑤(牛津P1863)Out of sight，out of mind.
眼不見(jiàn)，心不煩。
易混辨析
sight，view，scene，scenery
(1)sight意思是：目光；視力；視野；景物，供參觀或游覽的地方；情景，景象。
(2)view是可數(shù)名詞，指從某一特定點(diǎn)觀看到的東西、景物，尤其是美麗的自然風(fēng)景，它還可以表示“風(fēng)景畫(huà)，風(fēng)景照片”的意思。
(3)scene和view一樣，也是可數(shù)名詞。它通常指局部的、具體的風(fēng)景、景致，但景中更有可能包括人或反映運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。它還可以表示戲劇、電影或敘述中的、現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的“場(chǎng)景，場(chǎng)面，情景”。
(4)scenery是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，是大自然風(fēng)景的總稱(chēng)，其中包含了許多個(gè)scene。
①There is no view from this window except for some factory chimneys.
②The white sailboats in the blue water make a pretty scene.
③The crowd waited for a sight of the Queen passing by.
④Guilin is world?famous for her fine scenery.
3．猜出下列句子中的sight的意思：
A．視力；視覺(jué)；B.觀看；瞥見(jiàn)；C.情景；景象；D.[常用復(fù)數(shù)]名勝；風(fēng)景
(1)Some famous musicians have had little or no sight.( )
答案：A
(2)What a sad sight it was after the war！( )
答案：C
(3)It was a fine chance to see the sights of the city.( )
答案：D
(4)She would faint at the sight of blood.( )
答案：B
★4.At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ________.
A．out of sight B．out of reach
C．out of order D．out of place
解析：選A。句意為“在火車(chē)站，那位媽媽向女兒揮手告別直至火車(chē)看不見(jiàn)”。out of sight“看不見(jiàn)”；out of reach“夠不著”；out of order“混亂無(wú)秩序”；out of place“位置不當(dāng)，不適當(dāng)”，只有A符合題意。
3. beat v． 跳動(dòng)；擊打；擊敗
n． 心跳
(回歸課本P2)She could feel her heart beating with fear.
她能感覺(jué)到自己的心臟因?yàn)楹ε露鴦?dòng)得厲害。
歸納拓展
(1)beat的過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞分別為：beat，beaten，作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示：(心臟)跳動(dòng)；作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示：擊打，拍打，打敗。
(2)常用短語(yǔ)：beat sb.to death 打某人致死beat sb.black and blue 把某人打得青一塊紫一塊
beat sb.(＝defeat sb.)在比賽或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中擊敗某人
beat off 擊退，打退
beat down 擊敗，壓倒；鎮(zhèn)壓；摧毀
例句探源
①(朗文P149)Back then，girls were told that they could never beat a boy at tennis.
那個(gè)時(shí)候，人們都說(shuō)女孩子的網(wǎng)球永遠(yuǎn)也打不過(guò)男孩子。
②(牛津P157)She’s alive?her heart is still beating.
她沒(méi)死??她的心臟還在跳動(dòng)。
③Somebody is beating at the door.有人在敲門(mén)。
④The attacker was beaten off.進(jìn)攻者被擊退了。
⑤They beat him unconscious.他們把他打得不省人事。
易混辨析
beat，defeat，win
(1)defeat和beat的賓語(yǔ)必須是人或者一個(gè)集體，如a class，a team等，二者�？蓳Q用。defeat多指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)打敗敵人，beat常用作游戲，比賽中打敗對(duì)手。
(2)win指在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取勝，常接的賓語(yǔ)有：game，war，prize，fame，battle，victory。
①He beat the champion in the game.
②He won ￡3,000 in the lottery.
③Their team were easily beaten.
beat，hit，strike
(1)beat指連續(xù)的打擊，有意的行為或指有規(guī)則的運(yùn)動(dòng)，如：心臟跳動(dòng)，鳥(niǎo)拍打翅膀等。
(2)strike表示“打”的意思時(shí)較正式，用手或物，可輕可重，有意或無(wú)意。也可表示“自然災(zāi)害的襲擊、劃火柴”等。
(3)hit常表示“擊中”，也有“使突然想起，自然災(zāi)害侵襲”之意。
④The man looked dead，but his heart was still beating.
⑤The young man hit the ball so hard that it went over the wall.
⑥He went in，struck a match and lit a candle to give some light.
⑦I was about to give up my efforts to work on the puzzle when a good idea struck me.
5．完成句子
(1)這個(gè)女士拍打毛皮大衣上的灰塵。
The lady ________ dust ________ ________ her fur coat.
答案：beat；out of
(2)他們?cè)谀菆?chǎng)足球賽上打敗了另外一個(gè)班。
They ________/________ ________ ________ in the football game.
答案：beat/defeated another class
(3)海浪拍打著巖石。
Waves ________ ________ the rocks.
答案：were beating
(4)我興奮得心跳加快。
My heart ________ faster ________ excitement.
答案：beat；with
4. add vt.& vi. 增加，補(bǔ)充
(回歸課本P9)He adds that this year，scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to explain the results.
他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，今年科學(xué)家們將對(duì)另外60個(gè)志愿者進(jìn)行測(cè)試，到時(shí)將能更好地解釋這一結(jié)果。
歸納拓展
(2)addition n．加法，增加
in addition(to...)(除……)之外還有，此外
additional adj.額外的，附加的
additive n．(尤指食品的)添加劑，添加物
例句探源
①(牛津P22)The numbers add up to exactly 100.
這些數(shù)字的總數(shù)恰好是100。
②(朗文P23)Threats will only added fuel to the fire.
威脅將只能使事態(tài)更加惡化。
③The new rules only added to the problem.
這些新規(guī)定只能使問(wèn)題更復(fù)雜。
④Mike added that his father disagreed with his decision.
邁克補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，他的父親不贊同他的決定。
⑤In addition to these arrangements，extra ambulances will be on duty until night.
除了這些安排以外，另增救護(hù)車(chē)值班至深夜。
★6.There have been several new events__________to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A．a(chǎn)dd B．to add
C．a(chǎn)dding D．a(chǎn)dded
解析：選D。add sth.to...“把……加上”，本句應(yīng)為add several new events to the program。因此new events與add之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。
7．“We’re having a class，”she said，__________it was a newlyopen kindergarten sponsored by the church.
A．a(chǎn)dded that B．a(chǎn)dding that
C．has added D．a(chǎn)nd adding that
解析：選B。句意：她說(shuō)“我們正在上課”，然后補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，這是由教堂捐款新開(kāi)辦的幼兒園。adding that“補(bǔ)充說(shuō)”，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表伴隨，等于and added that。
★8.I received a letter from my mother with an unusual stamp on，which__________my collection of stamps.
A．a(chǎn)dded up to B．a(chǎn)dded to
C．a(chǎn)dded in D．a(chǎn)dded together
解析：選B。add to“加到，添加”。句意：我收到了我媽媽的一封信，上面有一枚特別的郵票，我可以把它收集到我的集郵冊(cè)里。add up to，add together都是“總共”的意思，不合題意；add in“包括”，也不合題意。
9．The money we made last year ________ $150 million.
A．a(chǎn)dded up B．a(chǎn)dded to
C．a(chǎn)dded up to D．a(chǎn)dded
解析：選C。句意：我們?nèi)ツ陹甑腻X(qián)總共是1億5000萬(wàn)美元。A.把……加起來(lái)；B.增加，增添；C.總計(jì)……，加起來(lái)總和是……；D.增加，只有C項(xiàng)符合題意。
5. touch n． 觸覺(jué)；接觸
vt. 觸摸；接觸
(回歸課本P11)He adds that although our sense of sight is overused，our senses of touch and smell have been ignored.
他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)雖然我們的視覺(jué)被過(guò)度使用，但觸覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)卻被忽略了。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P2183)The car’s control buttons are impossible to distinguish by touch.
這輛汽車(chē)的控制按鈕不可能通過(guò)觸摸加以區(qū)分。
②(牛津P2137)Are you still in touch with your friends from college？你和大學(xué)同學(xué)還有聯(lián)系嗎？
③(2009年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
在聽(tīng)到她那感人的故事后，每個(gè)人都感動(dòng)得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。
④Don’t touch the plate?it’s hot.別碰那個(gè)盤(pán)子，燙手。
★10.(2010年高考湖北卷?完形)She paid the driver and then，using her hands to ________ the seats，settled in one of them.It had been a year since Susan became blind.
A．touch B．grab
C．count D．feel
解析：選D。根據(jù)下文，Susan已失明一年了，所以此處應(yīng)是她用手“摸”座位。touch觸摸，碰；grab掠奪，攫�。籧ount數(shù)數(shù)；feel(用手，足等)摸索，尋找，D項(xiàng)符合題意。
★11.?Oh！I have burnt myself!
?How did you do that?
?I ________ a hot pot.
A．touched B．kept
C．felt D．held
解析：選A。前文說(shuō)“我燙到了自己”，所以此處應(yīng)是“我碰到了熱鍋”，所以選A。
12．It’s obvious that the students were all ________ by the ________ film.
A．touched；touched
B．touching；touching
C．touched；touching
D．touching；touched
解析：選C。句意：很明顯學(xué)生們都被那部感人的電影感動(dòng)了。touched感動(dòng)的，touching令人感動(dòng)的，感人的，所以選C。
6. accept vt.& vi. 接受
(回歸課本P16)He knows that it will be hard for Liu Weihai，but he says，hopefully in the next few months his body will accept the hand as his own.
(醫(yī)生)知道對(duì)于劉威海來(lái)說(shuō)治療是很艱難的，但是他的身體有望在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月內(nèi)接納那只手，像他自己的一樣。
歸納拓展
acceptable adj.可接受的，受歡迎的
acceptance n．接受，接納；承認(rèn)
accepted adj.公認(rèn)的，為公眾所接受(使用、贊同)的
例句探源
①(牛津P10)It was pouring with rain so I accepted his offer of a lift.
天正下著瓢潑大雨，所以我領(lǐng)了他的情，搭了他的便車(chē)。
②(朗文P10)My parents have always accepted me just as I am.我是什么樣子，我的父母一直都接受我。
③The astronaut accepts danger as being part of the job.
宇航員承認(rèn)他們的工作中包含著危險(xiǎn)。
④I don’t accept that the firm will go bankrupt.
我不相信該公司會(huì)破產(chǎn)。
⑤He never really accepted her as his own child.
他一直沒(méi)有真正接納她是自己的親生女兒。
⑥The college he applied to has accepted him.
他申請(qǐng)的那所學(xué)院錄取了他。
易混辨析
accept，receive
(1)receive指“(客觀上)收到”，著重行為本身，而不涉及收受者是否接受。
receive education接受教育
receive an operation接受手術(shù)
(2)accept指“(主觀上)領(lǐng)受、接收”，著重除行為本身以外，還表示接受者經(jīng)過(guò)考慮以后愿意接受。
13．用receive和accept的適當(dāng)形式填空：
I ________ the flowers he bought for me but I didn’t ________ them though they are beautiful.
答案：received；accept
7. chance n． 可能性，幾率，機(jī)會(huì)
(回歸課本P18)The chances of being attacked by a shark are very small compared to other dangers.
與其他威脅相比較，被鯊魚(yú)攻擊的幾率算是很小的了。
歸納拓展
chance/chances of...……的可能性
chance to do/of doing...做……的機(jī)會(huì)，機(jī)遇,
by chance(＝by accident)偶然地，無(wú)意中,
take a chance冒險(xiǎn)，碰運(yùn)氣，投機(jī)
There’s a chance that...有可能……
Chances are that...很可能……
例句探源
①(朗文P313)I wanted to take this chance to say how much I have appreciated your help over the years.
我想借此機(jī)會(huì)感謝這些年來(lái)你給予我的幫助。
②(牛津P314)He has only a slim chance of passing the exam.
他通過(guò)這項(xiàng)考試的可能性微乎其微。
③The chances are that I will be looking for a new job soon.
我可能很快就會(huì)去找一份新的工作。
④I met her by chance at the airport.
我碰巧在機(jī)場(chǎng)遇見(jiàn)她。
14．根據(jù)句意填空：
(1)Did he do so ________ purpose or ________ chance?
答案：on；by
(2)If you want to increase your chances ________ being accepted into a key college，the best way is to make more efforts at school.
答案：of
(3)If you live in the country or have ever visited there，________ are that you have heard birds singing to welcome the new day.
答案：chances
8. avoid v． 避開(kāi)；避免
(回歸課本P18)Try and stay in groups，as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people.
試著呆在群體里，因?yàn)轷忯~(yú)經(jīng)常避開(kāi)人群。
歸納拓展
(1)avoid sth.避免……
(2)avoid doing sth.避免做……
(3)avoidable adj.可以避免的
avoidance n.避免；防止；回避；躲避
例句探源
①(牛津P118)I’ve been avoiding getting down to work all day.
我一整天都刻意不投入工作。
②(朗文P116)I managed to avoid the worst of the traffic.
我設(shè)法避開(kāi)了交通最擁堵的路段。
15．________，the student insists that he be separated from his deskmate，who is naughty.
A．To avoid being affected
B．To avoid to be affected
C．Avoiding being affected
D．Avoiding to be affected
解析：選A。句意：為了避免受到干擾，那位同學(xué)堅(jiān)持要和他的同桌分開(kāi)，因?yàn)樗耐捞詺饬�。avoid 后需加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；A項(xiàng)為不定式，作狀語(yǔ)，可表示目的，符合本題要求。
★16.They built a wall to avoid soil__________.
A．washing away
B．washed away
C．being washed away
D．being washing away
解析：選C。本句譯為“他們建了一堵墻防止土壤流失(被沖走)。”avoid后跟動(dòng)名詞，soil和wash away之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，being washed away是動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。
9. stick vt. 將……刺入；粘住；困住
n． 棍，枯枝
(回歸課本P18)Stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
把你的手指刺進(jìn)鯊魚(yú)的眼睛里面。
歸納拓展
stick a stamp on a letter 在信封上粘貼郵票stick sth.into... 把……插入/刺入……
stick to 堅(jiān)持；粘貼
get/be stuck in 陷入……中
stick out 突出，伸出
stick with 忠于；繼續(xù)支持(某人)(尤指在困境中)
例句探源
①(2010年高考福建卷)In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
四月，成千上萬(wàn)的度假者由于受到火山灰風(fēng)的影響，滯留國(guó)外。
②(朗文P2021)I should have written a note and stuck it on the refrigerator.我本應(yīng)該寫(xiě)張字條貼在冰箱上的。
③She stuck her fork into the meat.她把叉子扎在肉里了。
④You ought not to stick out your tongue.你不該伸舌頭。
⑤I stick to what I said yesterday.
我仍然堅(jiān)持我昨天說(shuō)的話。
17．完成句子
(1)他持續(xù)工作一直到完成為止。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ until it was finished.
答案：stuck to the job
(2)一根煙囪突出于屋頂。
A chimney ________ ________ ________ the roof.
答案：stuck out of
(3)有些老球迷支持他們的球隊(duì)長(zhǎng)達(dá)40年之久，一直到它成為一支強(qiáng)隊(duì)。
Some of the older fans ________ ________ their team for 40 years before it became good.
答案：stuck with
★18.How unfortunate！We were ________ in a storm and our car was ________ in the mud yesterday.
A．set；struck B．caught；set
C．caught；stuck D．lost；caught
解析：選C。句意：多倒霉��！昨天我們被困在暴風(fēng)雨中，車(chē)也陷到泥中了。be caught in...被困在……中；be stuck in陷在……中。
★19.The theory he had been sticking ________ wrong.
A．to prove B．to proved
C．to proving D．in proving
解析：選B。句意：他一直堅(jiān)持的理論被證明是錯(cuò)的。本句中he had been sticking to是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾theory，proved是句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
10. reach out 伸出(手)
(回歸課本P2)A few seconds later，a hand reached out and touched her arm.沒(méi)過(guò)幾秒鐘，有一只手伸了過(guò)來(lái)，碰了碰她的胳膊。
歸納拓展
(1)reach vi.伸出手(臂)(來(lái)觸，拿或撿)＋for...
vt.伸手夠到……
n．伸手可及的距離
①beyond/out of one’s reach達(dá)不到
②within one’s reach在某人能力范圍之內(nèi)
③reach a conclusion得出一個(gè)結(jié)論
④reach for a book伸手夠一本書(shū)
⑤reach out(for...)伸出手去夠……
(2)reach vt.到達(dá)，達(dá)到
例句探源
①(朗文P1693)Someone reached out and grabed her arm.
有人伸手抓住了她的胳膊。
②(牛津P1645)They didn’t reach the border until after dark.
他們天黑以后才到達(dá)邊境。
③Yao Ming is tall enough to reach the ceiling.
姚明足夠高能夠著天花板。
④You can reach Tiger at home on 8852747.
你可以撥Tiger家里的電話8852747和他聯(lián)系。
⑤I often put the dictionary within my reach.
我經(jīng)常把詞典放在我伸手可及的地方。
20．完成句子
(1)她將手伸向鍵盤(pán)并開(kāi)始演奏。
She ________ ________her hands to the keyboard and began to play.
答案：reached out
(2)把所有的藥放在孩子們夠不著的地方。
Keep all medicines ________ ________ ________ ________ ________children.
答案：out of the reach of
(3)我喜歡把參考書(shū)放在隨手可拿到的地方。
I like to have my reference books________ ________ ________.
答案：within my reach
11. pay back 還錢(qián)
(回歸課本P3)It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny.它給了我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我可以回報(bào)在晴天里人們給予我的幫助了。
歸納拓展
pay back(向某人)還錢(qián)；報(bào)復(fù)，懲罰
pay off付清，償清；成功，奏效；達(dá)到目的,
pay(sb.money)for sth.(給某人)付……的費(fèi)用,
pay sb.sth.付給某人某物(＝pay sth.to sb.)
例句探源
①(牛津P1461)Did he ever pay you back that $100 he owes you？他把欠你的100塊錢(qián)還給你沒(méi)有？
②We should be able to pay off the debt within two years.
我們應(yīng)該能在兩年內(nèi)還清債務(wù)。
③My persistence finally paid off when they called me in for an interview.
他們打電話來(lái)要我參加面試，我的堅(jiān)持終于有了收獲。
④Did they pay you for mowing their lawn?
你替他們修剪草坪，他們付給你錢(qián)嗎？
⑤We pay our babysitter $5 an hour.
我們給臨時(shí)保姆的報(bào)酬是每小時(shí)5美元。
21．完成句子
(1)所有那幾周的學(xué)習(xí)都將在考試的時(shí)候見(jiàn)成效。
All those weeks of studying will ________ ________ when you take the exam.
答案：pay off
(2)如果這家工廠倒閉，就會(huì)有1000多名工人在結(jié)清工資后被辭退。
Over 1,000 workers will ________ ________ ________ if this factory closes.
答案：be paid off
(3)我拿到工資后會(huì)把錢(qián)還給你。
I’ll be able to ________ ________ ________ when I get my wages.
答案：pay you back
(4)他們?nèi)浅隽四切┞闊�，她知道怎樣�?bào)復(fù)他們。
She knew how to ________ ________ ________ for the trouble they had caused.
答案：pay them back
(5)你干那工作每周可收入200美元。
The job will ________ ________ ________ a week.
答案：pay you $200
12. make sense 有意義，講得通
(回歸課本P11)Staying healthy makes sense.
保持健康是有意義的。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P1855)It doesn’t make sense to drive if you can walk.
能走路時(shí)偏要開(kāi)車(chē)是不明智的。
②Can you make sense of the poem?
你能理解這首詩(shī)的意義嗎？
③(牛津P1815)This sentence doesn’t make sense.
這個(gè)句子講不通。
④Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for survivors in the earthquake.
狗有非常靈敏的嗅覺(jué)，經(jīng)常被用來(lái)搜尋地震中的幸存者。
⑤Whoever has common sense knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health.
有常識(shí)的人都知道，吸煙是有害健康的。
⑥There is no sense in getting upset about it now.
現(xiàn)在為這件事苦惱是沒(méi)有意義的。
⑦In no sense can the problem be said to be solved.
無(wú)論如何這個(gè)問(wèn)題都不能說(shuō)解決了。
22．(2010年高考安徽卷)________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A．Shy and cautious
B．Sensitive and thoughtful
C．Honest and confident
D．Lighthearted and optimistic
解析：選D。句意：她無(wú)憂無(wú)慮、積極樂(lè)觀，是那種用微笑給別人帶來(lái)快樂(lè)的人。本題考查形容詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。shy and cautious害羞且小心的；sensitive and thoughtful敏感且多思的；honest and confident誠(chéng)實(shí)且自信的。
★23.(2010年高考湖北卷)If I find someone who looks like the suspect，my ________ reaction will be to tell the police.
A．physical
B．immediate
C．sensitive
D．sudden
解析：選B。句意：假如我發(fā)現(xiàn)某個(gè)人看上去和這個(gè)嫌疑犯相像的話，我的第一反應(yīng)將是報(bào)告給警方。本題考查形容詞辨析。immediate立即的，即刻的，直接的；physical身體的，自然的；sensitive敏感的，神經(jīng)過(guò)敏的，易受傷害的；
sudden突然的，意外的。從語(yǔ)境判斷選B，immediate reaction直接的反應(yīng)。
24．(2009年高考江蘇卷)Compared with his sister，Jerry is even more________to，and more easily troubled by，emotional and relationship problems.
A．sceptical B．a(chǎn)ddicted
C．a(chǎn)vailable D．sensitive
解析：選D。句意：Jerry和他妹妹相比，對(duì)于情感和人際關(guān)系方面的問(wèn)題更敏感，更容易被困擾。sceptical adj.懷疑的；addicted adj.沉迷的；available adj.(指物)可用的或可得到的；(指人)可會(huì)見(jiàn)的，可與之交談的；sensitive adj.敏感的，神經(jīng)過(guò)敏的，易受傷害的。
★25.(2011年江蘇徐州第一次模擬考試)What’s the __________of having a public open space where you can’t eat，drink or even simply hang out for a while?
A．sense B．matter
C．case D．opinion
解析：選A。句意：在這樣一個(gè)公共場(chǎng)所，你不可以吃，不可以喝，甚至不可以走動(dòng)，你會(huì)有什么樣的感覺(jué)？sense 感覺(jué)；matter 問(wèn)題；case 情況，狀況；opinion 觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題意選A。
★26.I am sure David will be able to find the library?he has a pretty good ________of direction.
A．idea B．feeling
C．experience D．sense
解析：選D。句意：我敢肯定戴維能找到圖書(shū)館??他有很好的方向感。have a sense of ... 有……的感覺(jué)(能力)。
★27.(2011年湖南衡陽(yáng)高三聯(lián)考)No matter how you read it，this sentence doesn’t__________.
A．make senses B．make sense
C．make a sense D．make sense of
解析：選B。本題考查短語(yǔ)make sense的意義“有意義”“講得通”。本句譯為“這個(gè)句子無(wú)論你怎樣讀都不知其所云�！�
13. make the most of 充分利用
(回歸課本P11)Scientists say that making the most of our senses when we are young can keep us healthy later on in life.
科學(xué)家們說(shuō)在我們年輕時(shí)充分利用各種感官可以使我們?cè)谖磥?lái)的生活中保持健康。
歸納拓展
(1)make use of(sb./sth.)利用，使用(某人/物)，名詞use 前常常加上形容詞進(jìn)行修飾 。make good use of 好好利用,make full use of 充分利用
make the best use of 盡量利用
make better use of 更好地利用,
【溫馨提示】 make use of sth.變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，常常有兩種命題方式來(lái)考查這個(gè)短語(yǔ)：sth.be made use of /use...be made of。
Our spare time must be made good use of.,我們必須好好利用業(yè)余時(shí)間。
Who can tell the new use that the computer will be made of in the future？,誰(shuí)能說(shuō)出未來(lái)電腦對(duì)人們新的用途？
(2)use的其他常用搭配,come into use 開(kāi)始利用
out of use 被廢棄不用
in use 在使用中
put ...to use 加以利用
be of great use＝be very useful 很有用
have no use for ... 對(duì)……無(wú)用
It’s no use/There is no use doing sth.
做某事無(wú)用或無(wú)好處。
例句探源
①(朗文P2266)It’s a shame that teachers don’t make use of the new computer lab.
教師們不使用新計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)室很遺憾。
②We should make the best of our time.
我們應(yīng)充分利用時(shí)間。
③(牛津P2225)When did this word come into common use?
這個(gè)詞是什么時(shí)候普遍使用起來(lái)的？
④You can throw those away?they’re (of) no use to anyone.
那些東西你可以扔了??它們對(duì)誰(shuí)都沒(méi)用。
⑤It’s no use complaining?you just need to take the test later again.抱怨沒(méi)用??你只要以后再考一次就是了。
28．完成句子
(1)我們應(yīng)充分利用這個(gè)信息。
We should ________ ________ ________ ________the information.
＝The information should ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
＝Full use should ________ ________ ________the information.
答案：make full use of；be made full use of；be made of
(2)盡可能地利用時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)我們的課程。
Every possible use should ________ ________ ________time to study our subjects.
答案：be made of
29．Every minute should be made full use of ________ for the final exam.
A．to prepare B．preparing
C．prepare D．have prepare
解析：選A。句意：每一分鐘都應(yīng)該充分利用好來(lái)為期末考試做準(zhǔn)備。to prepare for the final exam作本句的目的狀語(yǔ)。
14. can’t help doing 情不自禁地去做……
(回歸課本P11)I felt so tired that I couldn’t help wondering whether or not I could get to my destination.
我感到極度勞累，忍不住去想我能否到達(dá)目的地。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P971)I can’t help wondering what happened to that little girl.我忍不住想知道那個(gè)小女孩出了什么事。
②I was so busy that I couldn’t help prepare the lunch.
我太忙了，所以無(wú)法幫著準(zhǔn)備午飯。
③The boy couldn’t help but admit that he had cheated in the exam.那個(gè)男孩只好承認(rèn)在測(cè)試中作弊了。
④(牛津P823)I always end up having an argument with her，I don’t know why，I just can’t help it.
我總是和她意見(jiàn)不合，鬧得不歡而散，不知道為什么，我就是忍不住。
⑤Help yourself to the fruit.請(qǐng)自己取用水果。
30．While shopping，people sometimes can’t help ________ into buying something they don’t really need.
A．to persuade B．persuading
C．being persuaded D．be persuaded
解析：選C。can’t help doing sth.意為“禁不住做……”，句中的people 與persuade 之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故C項(xiàng)正確。
★31.(2011年安徽蚌埠高三質(zhì)檢)?The housework is too much for me，Jack.
?Sorry，but I can’t help ________it，Joan.I’ve got something important to do，you know.
A．do B．doing
C．to be doing D．having done
解析：選A。can’t help do sth.“不能幫忙做某事”，根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。
32．I can’t help but__________he knows more than he has told us.
A．thinking B．to think
C．think D．thought
解析：選C。本句譯為“我總認(rèn)為他沒(méi)有把他知道的事全告訴我們�！眂an’t help but think“禁不住認(rèn)為……”等于can’t help thinking。
句型解析
1【教材原句】 The tall man was nowhere to be seen.(P2)
高個(gè)男子不見(jiàn)了。
【句法分析】 (1)通常不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者不明確時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
①The meeting to be held is of great importance.
將要舉行的會(huì)議非常重要。
②These are the books to be handed out to the students.
這些是將要發(fā)給學(xué)生的書(shū)。
(2)nowhere adv.，無(wú)處，到處都不，常用于
③This winter vacation we went nowhere，just stayed at school.這個(gè)寒假我們哪兒也不去，就待在學(xué)校。
④The children were nowhere to be found.
哪都找不到孩子們。
⑤Nowhere did he go last night.昨天晚上他哪兒都沒(méi)去。(nowhere置于句首，句子要倒裝)
33．完成句子
(1)除了床，沒(méi)有別的地方可以坐了。
There was ________ ________ to sit but the bed.
答案：nowhere else
(2)那把鑰匙到處都找不到。
The key was ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：nowhere to be found
(3)我在任何地方都沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)像那樣的東西。
________ ________ ________ ________ anything like that.
答案：Nowhere have I seen
★34.(2010年高考遼寧卷)We only had $100 and that was ________ to buy a new computer.
A．nowhere near enough
B．near enough nowhere
C．enough near nowhere
D．near nowhere enough
解析：選A。enough修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，通常要放在被修飾詞的后面。因此正確詞序應(yīng)為：nowhere near enough...，nowhere near意為“差得遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)不及”。句意：我們只有100美元。這筆錢(qián)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠買(mǎi)一臺(tái)新電腦。
2【教材原句】 Polly found herself staring up at a man standing with his hand resting on her arm. (P2～3)
波莉發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身邊站著一個(gè)男人，他的手搭在她的胳膊上。她睜大了眼睛盯著他看。
【句法分析】 find＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)/覺(jué)得……處于某種狀態(tài)”。
(1)find＋賓語(yǔ)＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)
①We find the story very interesting.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)故事很有趣。
②I seldom find the girl out.我很少發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩外出。
③When the man woke up，he found himself in the hospital.
那個(gè)男子醒來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。
(2)find＋賓語(yǔ)＋現(xiàn)在分詞(賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作之間是主謂關(guān)系，表動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行或持續(xù)。)
④I found the boy standing behind the door.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)小男孩站在門(mén)后。
(3)find＋賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞(過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。)
⑤When he arrived，he found all the work finished.
當(dāng)他到達(dá)的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的工作已做完了。
(4)find＋賓語(yǔ)＋名詞
⑥I found him a boy easy to get along with.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個(gè)很容易相處的男孩。
【溫馨提示】 (1)如果賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式或從句，習(xí)慣上用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替，并把真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末。
⑦I found it difficult to learn Chinese.我覺(jué)得學(xué)漢語(yǔ)很難。
(2)有類(lèi)似用法的動(dòng)詞還有make，feel，think，consider等。
⑧She feels it her duty to take good care of her sick mother.
她覺(jué)得好好照顧生病的母親是她的職責(zé)。
35．完成句子
(1)我們回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他在沙發(fā)上睡著了。
We came home and ________ ________ ________ on the sofa.
答案：found him asleep
(2)我不知不覺(jué)地突然在街上跑了起來(lái)。
I suddenly ________ ________ ________ down the street.
答案：found myself running
(3)他發(fā)現(xiàn)一輛汽車(chē)被遺棄在沙漠里。
He found a car ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：abandened in the desert
(4)我覺(jué)得這么做很有必要。
I found ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：it necessary to do so
3【教材原句】 The face that she saw was that of an old man.(P3)
她看到的是一張老人的臉。
【句法分析】 第一個(gè)that是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。
第二個(gè)that是代詞，代指前文提到的the face。
歸納拓展
(1)that用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞。that前面沒(méi)有任何修飾詞；后面常跟介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。一般不用于代指人。
①The weather in Kunming is better than that in Wuhan.
昆明的天氣比武漢的好。
(2)one用于泛指，指代上文的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，可以代替事物也可代替人。
②She has bought a recorder.I want to buy one，too.
她買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)錄音機(jī)，我也想買(mǎi)一臺(tái)。
(3)ones是one的復(fù)數(shù)形式，用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也是泛指概念。
(4)it指代前面提到的同一事物。
③There is only one watch of this type in the shop，so I want to buy it for her.
商店里這種手表只有一塊，我想為她買(mǎi)下。
(5)those用來(lái)代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表特指，在有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，可與the ones互換。
④The children from the US are different from the ones/those from China.
從美國(guó)來(lái)的孩子同從中國(guó)來(lái)的孩子不一樣。
★36.(2010年高考陜西卷)The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ________ in any other area of the city.
A．that B．this
C．it D．one
解析：選A。句意：西安市中心的房租比這個(gè)城市內(nèi)其他地段的房租都貴。首先將此句改為：The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than the cost in any other area of the city.然后考慮用that代替特指的不可數(shù)名詞the cost。
37．(2009年高考江蘇卷)Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with ________ of their parents.
A．those B．one
C．both D．that
解析：選D。句意：90%的父母認(rèn)為，與自己的父母相比，他們?cè)诮逃⒆拥姆椒ㄉ嫌泻艽蟮牟煌�。這里that指代的是approach。
★38.(2009年高考北京卷)Being a parent is not always easy，and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ________ extra stress.
A．it B．them
C．one D．him
解析：選A。句意：作家長(zhǎng)不容易，作一個(gè)有特殊需求的孩子的家長(zhǎng)更具有壓力。此題考查代詞。it指代前面的“being the parent of a child with special needs”。
39．(2010年湖南高考命題專(zhuān)家原創(chuàng)卷五)The Chinese athletes’ getting five gold medals in the 21st Winter Olympics was an exciting moment，________ that the Chinese people will never forget.
A．that B．it
C．the one D．one
解析：選D�？疾榇~。本句中的one是an exciting moment的同位語(yǔ)，而橫線后面的部分是修飾one的定語(yǔ)從句。
40．用that，it，one，ones填空：
(1)I bought a red pen yesterday，but I can’t find ________ now.
(2)The car I want to buy is more beautiful than ________ he has.
(3)?Do you need my pen?
?No，thanks，I have got ________.
(4)The bridge built of steel is stronger than ________ built of stone.
(5)There are a lot of apples in the basket，please pick out the rotten ________.
答案：(1)it (2)that (3)one (4)that (5)ones
4【教材原句】 The latter two types of attack are more likely to be deadly for humans.(P18)
后兩種攻擊對(duì)于人類(lèi)而言更可能致命。
【句法分析】 主語(yǔ)＋be likely to do sth.＝It is likely that...很可能……
其反義句型為：主語(yǔ)＋be unlikely to do...＝It is unlikely that...
歸納拓展
(1)likely 是指從外表、跡象上判斷有可能發(fā)生。既可用人也可用物作主語(yǔ)，常用句型是：It is likely that...或sb./sth. be likely to...
(2)possible 指客觀上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能以人作主語(yǔ)，常用句型有：It is possible (for sb.)to do sth.或It is possible that...
(3)probable 的可能性比possible 大，表示“很可能，十有八九”，通常用于It is probable that ...句型。
①They are likely to attend the meeting.
他們有可能參加會(huì)議。
②Is it possible to say so？如此說(shuō)來(lái)它是可能的嗎？
③It is possible/probable/likely that we will win.
有可能我們會(huì)贏。
★41.(2010年高考陜西卷)Studies show that people are more ________ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A．likely B．possible
C．probable D．sure
解析：選A。研究表明，如果人們總是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地坐在電腦屏幕前面，他們的背部更有可能會(huì)出問(wèn)題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中主語(yǔ)為人且和不定式連用的只有l(wèi)ikely和sure，likely表示“有可能的”，sure表示“必定，肯定”，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用likely。possible作表語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)不能為人；probable的主語(yǔ)只能是物。
42．句型轉(zhuǎn)換
(1)If you grow up in a large family，you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.
→If you grow up in a large family，________ ________ ________ ________ that you can develop the ability to get on well with others.
答案：it is more likely
(2)If someone lacks staying power and perseverance，it is impossible for him to make a good researcher.
→Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance ________ ________ ________ make a good researcher.
答案：is unlikely to
語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)
倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句
倒裝是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。
完全倒裝即把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)之前(是整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而非助動(dòng)詞)。
【佳句選粹】
In came the teacher and the class began.
【分析】 句意：老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，然后開(kāi)始上課。in放于句首，整個(gè)句子用了全部倒裝的形式，came放到了the teacher之前。
部分倒裝即只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等)放到主語(yǔ)前，或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。
【佳句選粹】
Were she to leave right now，she would get there on Sunday.
【分析】 句意：如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到達(dá)那里。此句前半部分省去了If，把were提前。
【佳句選粹】
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
【分析】 句意：小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。否定詞放于句首，主句用部分倒裝，did提到了主語(yǔ)little John之前。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式，寫(xiě)作中常使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句，常見(jiàn)的有：
【佳句選粹】
It was on Monday night that all this happened.
【分析】 句意：所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“It is(was)＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分＋that(who)＋原句其他成分”來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的意愿，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間“on Monday night”。
【佳句選粹】
①He does know the place well.
他的確很熟悉這個(gè)地方。
②Do write to me when you get there.
你到那兒后務(wù)必給我來(lái)信。
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